Organic Rankine Cycle for Vehicles: Control Design and Experimental Results

The system considered here is an organic Rankine cycle for recovering waste heat from a heavy-duty diesel engine. Because of the highly transient conditions these systems are subject to, control plays a fundamental role to enable the viability and efficiency of those systems. In this context, this paper investigates the problem of control design for superheating (SH) and pressure at evaporator outlet. Based on a moving boundary heat exchanger model, a first controller, which consists of a dynamic feedforward combined to a gain-scheduled PID, is implemented on the pump speed to maintain the SH close to the set-point value. Experimental results illustrate the enhanced performance in terms of disturbance rejection. Then, a second controller based on nonlinear state estimation is proposed. This is a nonlinear feedback law, which allows to adjust the evaporating pressure to time-varying demand with a good accuracy.

[1]  M. Omizo,et al.  Modeling , 1983, Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology.

[2]  Andrew G. Alleyne,et al.  Dynamic Modeling and Advanced Control of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Systems , 2006 .

[3]  Takahashi Kazuya,et al.  Study on Maximizing Exergy in Automotive Engines , 2007 .

[4]  Antonio Sciarretta,et al.  Control design for an automotive turbine Rankine Cycle system based on nonlinear state estimation , 2014, 53rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control.

[5]  Andrew G. Alleyne,et al.  Control-Oriented Modeling of Transcritical Vapor Compression Systems , 2004 .

[6]  Seok Hun Kang,et al.  Design and experimental study of ORC (organic Rankine cycle) and radial turbine using R245fa working fluid , 2012 .

[7]  Jianhua Zhang,et al.  Dynamic modeling and multivariable control of organic Rankine cycles in waste heat utilizing processes , 2012, Comput. Math. Appl..

[8]  Tilmann Abbe Horst,et al.  Dynamic heat exchanger model for performance prediction and control system design of automotive waste heat recovery systems , 2013 .

[9]  Aaas News,et al.  Book Reviews , 1893, Buffalo Medical and Surgical Journal.

[10]  Donald W. Stanton,et al.  Systematic Development of Highly Efficient and Clean Engines to Meet Future Commercial Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Regulations , 2013 .

[11]  A. Sciarretta,et al.  Supervision and control prototyping for an engine exhaust gas heat recovery system based on a steam Rankine cycle , 2012, 2012 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM).

[12]  Alberto A. Boretti,et al.  Recovery of exhaust and coolant heat with R245fa organic Rankine cycles in a hybrid passenger car with a naturally aspirated gasoline engine , 2012 .

[13]  Erik Frisk,et al.  An observer for non-linear differential-algebraic systems , 2006, Autom..

[14]  Li Zhao,et al.  A review of working fluid and expander selections for organic Rankine cycle , 2013 .

[15]  Yun Li,et al.  PID control system analysis, design, and technology , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology.

[16]  M Maarten Steinbuch,et al.  Experimental validation of a dynamic waste heat recovery system model for control purposes , 2013 .

[17]  Paolino Tona,et al.  Optimal Control for an Organic Rankine Cycle on board a Diesel-Electric Railcar , 2015 .

[18]  Frank Willems,et al.  Integrated Energy & Emission Management for Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines with Waste Heat Recovery System , 2012 .

[19]  Olivier Lepreux,et al.  Improving the control performance of an Organic Rankine Cycle system for waste heat recovery from a heavy-duty diesel engine using a model-based approach , 2013, 52nd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control.

[20]  Andrew G. Alleyne,et al.  Gain scheduled control of an air conditioning system using the Youla parameterization , 2006 .

[21]  Ho Teng,et al.  A Rankine Cycle System for Recovering Waste Heat from HD Diesel Engines - WHR System Development , 2011 .

[22]  David Luong,et al.  Linear Quadratic Integral control of an Organic Rankine Cycle for waste heat recovery in heavy-duty diesel powertrain , 2014, 2014 American Control Conference.

[23]  Hassan Hammouri,et al.  An observer design for a class of implicit systems , 2013, Syst. Control. Lett..

[24]  Zhen Lu,et al.  Dynamic modeling and simulation of an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system for waste heat recovery , 2008 .

[25]  R. Nikoukhah.  A new methodology for observer design and implementation , 1998, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control..

[26]  Song Gao,et al.  Constrained predictive control based on state space model of Organic Rankine Cycle system for waste heat recovery , 2012, 2012 24th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC).

[27]  A. Sciarretta,et al.  Towards model-based control of a steam Rankine process for engine waste heat recovery , 2012, 2012 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference.

[28]  Takahisa Yamamoto,et al.  Design and testing of the Organic Rankine Cycle , 2001 .

[29]  H. Harry Asada,et al.  Modeling of Vapor Compression Cycles for Multivariable Feedback Control of HVAC Systems , 1997 .

[30]  Jianhua Zhang,et al.  Supervisory predictive control of evaporator in Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system for waste heat recovery , 2011, The 2011 International Conference on Advanced Mechatronic Systems.

[31]  Frank Willems,et al.  Model predictive control of a waste heat recovery system for automotive diesel engines , 2014, 2014 18th International Conference on System Theory, Control and Computing (ICSTCC).

[32]  Antonio Sciarretta,et al.  On the Optimal Thermal Management of Hybrid-Electric Vehicles with Heat Recovery Systems , 2012 .

[33]  Vincent Lemort,et al.  Transient Organic Rankine Cycle Modelling for Waste Heat Recovery on a Truck , 2011 .

[34]  Ho Teng,et al.  A Rankine Cycle System for Recovering Waste Heat from HD Diesel Engines - Experimental Results , 2011 .

[35]  David Luong.  Modeling, Estimation, and Control of Waste Heat Recovery Systems , 2013 .

[36]  W. Marsden.  I and J , 2012 .

[37]  Gildas Besancon,et al.  Nonlinear observers and applications , 2007 .

[38]  Wilhelm Tegethoff,et al.  Prediction of dynamic Rankine Cycle waste heat recovery performance and fuel saving potential in passenger car applications considering interactions with vehicles' energy management , 2014 .

[39]  Madiha Nadri,et al.  Transient performance evaluation of waste heat recovery rankine cycle based system for heavy duty trucks , 2016 .

[40]  Christopher Depcik,et al.  Review of organic Rankine cycles for internal combustion engine exhaust waste heat recovery , 2013 .

[41]  Vincent Lemort,et al.  Dynamic modeling and optimal control strategy of waste heat recovery Organic Rankine Cycles , 2011 .

[42]  Andrew G. Alleyne,et al.  Advances in Energy Systems Modeling and Control , 2007, 2007 American Control Conference.

[43]  P. Strevens.  Iii , 1985 .