The Human Microbiota: The Rise of an “Empire”

The human body hosts rich and diverse microbial communities. Our microbiota affects the normal human physiology, and compositional changes might alter host homeostasis and, therefore, disease risk. The microbial community structure may sometimes occupy discrete configurations and under certain circumstances vary continuously. The ability to characterize accurately the ecology of human-associated microbial communities became possible by advances in deep sequencing and bioinformatics analyses.

[1]  M. Blaser,et al.  What are the consequences of the disappearing human microbiota? , 2009, Nature Reviews Microbiology.

[2]  George M. Weinstock,et al.  Genomic approaches to studying the human microbiota , 2012, Nature.

[3]  R. Dubos,et al.  The indigenous flora of the gastrointestinal tract , 1967, Diseases of the colon and rectum.

[4]  E. Zoetendal,et al.  Duodenal infusion of donor feces for recurrent Clostridium difficile. , 2013, The New England journal of medicine.

[5]  Katherine H. Huang,et al.  Structure, Function and Diversity of the Healthy Human Microbiome , 2012, Nature.

[6]  Hongzhe Li,et al.  Disordered Microbial Communities in the Upper Respiratory Tract of Cigarette Smokers , 2010, PloS one.

[7]  D. Savage.  Microbial ecology of the gastrointestinal tract. , 1977, Annual review of microbiology.

[8]  Lior Pachter,et al.  Disordered Microbial Communities in Asthmatic Airways , 2010, PloS one.

[9]  M. Blaser,et al.  Helicobacter pylori persistence: biology and disease. , 2004, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[10]  R. Knight,et al.  Bacterial Community Variation in Human Body Habitats Across Space and Time , 2009, Science.

[11]  M. Blaser,et al.  Helicobacter pylori and gastrointestinal tract adenocarcinomas , 2002, Nature Reviews Cancer.

[12]  M. Blaser.  Who are we? , 2006, EMBO reports.

[13]  F. Bäckhed,et al.  Obesity alters gut microbial ecology. , 2005, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[14]  Martin J Blaser,et al.  Bacterial biota in the human distal esophagus , 2004, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[15]  B. Methé,et al.  Analyses of the Stability and Core Taxonomic Memberships of the Human Microbiome , 2013, PloS one.

[16]  A. J. Kluyver,et al.  Prospects for a Natural System of Classification of Bacteria. , 1936 .

[17]  I. Cohn,et al.  The normal microbial flora , 1965, The American Journal of Digestive Diseases.

[18]  P. Gajer,et al.  Vaginal microbiome of reproductive-age women , 2010, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[19]  G. Weinstock,et al.  Novel Bacterial Taxa in the Human Microbiome , 2012, PloS one.

[20]  K. McCoy,et al.  Use of axenic animals in studying the adaptation of mammals to their commensal intestinal microbiota. , 2007, Seminars in immunology.

[21]  S. Lynch,et al.  Role of the microbiota in inflammatory bowel diseases. , 2012, Inflammatory bowel diseases.

[22]  J. Jansson,et al.  Molecular analysis of the gut microbiota of identical twins with Crohn's disease , 2008, The ISME Journal.

[23]  S. Madhi,et al.  Long-term effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae--and associated interactions with Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae colonization--in HIV-Infected and HIV-uninfected children. , 2007, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[24]  M. Farley,et al.  Changing characteristics of invasive pneumococcal disease in Metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia, after introduction of a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. , 2007, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[25]  R. Knight,et al.  Worlds within worlds: evolution of the vertebrate gut microbiota , 2008, Nature Reviews Microbiology.

[26]  Michael Wilson,et al.  Bacteriology of Humans: An Ecological Perspective , 2008 .

[27]  D. Musher,et al.  Bacteremic and Nonbacteremic Pneumococcal Pneumonia A Prospective Study , 2000, Medicine.

[28]  C. Crowe,et al.  Bacterial interference. II. Role of the normal throat flora in prevention of colonization by group A Streptococcus. , 1973, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[29]  E. Purdom,et al.  Diversity of the Human Intestinal Microbial Flora , 2005, Science.

[30]  B. Roe,et al.  A core gut microbiome in obese and lean twins , 2008, Nature.

[31]  M. Pop,et al.  Metagenomic Analysis of the Human Distal Gut Microbiome , 2006, Science.

[32]  O. Kandler,et al.  Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya. , 1990, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[33]  G. Mccracken,et al.  Effect of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae in the first 2 years of life. , 2004, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[34]  R Balfour Sartor,et al.  Microbial influences in inflammatory bowel diseases. , 2008, Gastroenterology.

[35]  H. Verbrugh,et al.  Colonisation by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus in healthy children , 2004, The Lancet.

[36]  T. Rosebury.  Microorganisms Indigenous to Man , 1964 .