Reducing the CO2 emissions in Croatian cement industry

Cement industry is one of the largest carbon emitting industrial sectors. It is responsible for about 5% of anthropogenic CO2 in the world. Therefore, it is a relevant industrial sector for CO2 emission regulation strategies. Bearing in mind the importance of cement industry in Croatia, and because of the fact that Croatia will soon become an EU member state, the present paper analyses the potential to reduce CO2 emission in the Croatian cement industry. There are several measures that can reduce CO2 emissions from the cement manufacturing process: the use of waste heat as an alternative source of energy; CO2 capture and storage technologies; reduction of clinker to cement ratio; the use of alternative and biomass fuels; the use of alternative raw materials; an energy efficient combustion process. The most energy efficient technology for cement manufacturing today is the use of a rotary kiln together with a multi-stage preheater and a calciner. Since the use of cement calciners is a relatively new technology, further improvement of their operating conditions is still needed. This paper also highlights the results of research in the field of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations that are used for the investigation of process and combustion emissions. The above mentioned measures together with numerical investigations can reduce the effect of cement manufacturing in Croatia on the environment and can make it more competitive with cement manufacturers from the EU.

[1]  Neven Duić,et al.  Croatia energy planning and Kyoto Protocol , 2005 .

[2]  Eugeniusz Mokrzycki,et al.  Alternative fuels for the cement industry , 2003 .

[3]  Neven Duić,et al.  Numerical modelling of calcination reaction mechanism for cement production , 2012 .

[4]  Neven Duić,et al.  Adaptation of n-heptane autoignition tabulation for complex chemistry mechanisms , 2011 .

[5]  Gordana Stefanović,et al.  CO2 reduction options in cement industry: The Novi Popovac case , 2010 .

[6]  Rahman Saidur,et al.  A review on emission analysis in cement industries , 2011 .

[7]  B. Mathiesen,et al.  100% Renewable energy systems, climate mitigation and economic growth , 2011 .

[8]  Rahman Saidur,et al.  A critical review on energy use and savings in the cement industries , 2011 .

[9]  D. Fidaros,et al.  A parametric study of a solar calcinator using computational fluid dynamics , 2007 .

[10]  Dermot J. Roddy,et al.  Development of a CO2 network for industrial emissions , 2012 .

[11]  Neven Duić,et al.  Validation of reduced mechanisms for nitrogen chemistry in numerical simulation of a turbulent non-premixed flame , 2009 .

[12]  Yiping Dai,et al.  Exergy analyses and parametric optimizations for different cogeneration power plants in cement industry , 2009 .

[13]  Kim Dam-Johansen,et al.  Mathematical modeling of an in-line low-NOx calciner , 2002 .

[14]  Ernst Worrell,et al.  Potentials for energy efficiency improvement in the US cement industry , 2000 .

[15]  Neven Duić,et al.  Application of the Conservative Discrete Transfer Radiation Method to a Furnace with Complex Geometry , 2005 .

[16]  E. Gartner Industrially interesting approaches to “low-CO2” cements ☆ , 2004 .

[17]  Jamal O. Jaber,et al.  Future energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in Jordanian industries , 2002 .

[18]  Zhao Xiujian,et al.  Numerical study of gas–solid flow in a precalciner using kinetic theory of granular flow , 2004 .

[19]  Jiří Jaromír Klemeš,et al.  Waste as alternative fuel – Minimising emissions and effluents by advanced design , 2012 .

[20]  Eugeniusz Mokrzycki,et al.  Use of alternative fuels in the Polish cement industry , 2003 .

[21]  Yi-Ming Wei,et al.  An overview of current research on EU ETS: Evidence from its operating mechanism and economic effect , 2010 .

[22]  Wenji Zhou,et al.  Uncertainty modeling of CCS investment strategy in China’s power sector , 2010 .

[23]  Neven Duić,et al.  Implementation of discrete transfer radiation method into SWIFT computational fluid dynamics code , 2004 .

[24]  Martin Schneider,et al.  Sustainable cement production—present and future , 2011 .

[25]  J. Penman,et al.  Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories CH 4 Emissions from Solid Waste Disposal 419 CH 4 EMISSIONS FROM SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL , 2022 .

[26]  Arnaud Mercier,et al.  Prospective on the energy efficiency and CO 2 emissions in the EU cement industry , 2011 .

[27]  Ghada Bassioni,et al.  A study towards ''greener" construction , 2012 .

[28]  M. Schmid,et al.  Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Indirect N 2 O Emissions from Agriculture 381 INDIRECT N 2 O EMISSIONS FROM AGRICULTURE , 2001 .

[29]  D. Fidaros,et al.  Numerical modelling of flow and transport processes in a calciner for cement production , 2007 .

[30]  E. J. Anthony,et al.  A study on the activity of CaO-based sorbents for capturing CO2 in clean energy processes , 2010 .

[31]  W. P. Jones,et al.  Global reaction schemes for hydrocarbon combustion , 1988 .

[32]  K. Kakimoto,et al.  Use of fine-grained shredder dust as a cement admixture after a melting, rapid-cooling and pulverizing process , 2004 .

[33]  Jordan Pop-Jordanov,et al.  Cost and Environmental Effectiveness of the Climate Change Mitigation Measures , 2008 .

[34]  Juan Carlos Ciscar,et al.  CO2 emission trading within the European Union and Annex B countries: the cement industry case , 2006 .

[35]  Philippe Quirion,et al.  Reaping the Carbon Rent: Abatement and Overallocation Profits in the European Cement Industry, Insights from an LMDI Decomposition Analysis , 2014 .

[36]  Neven Duić,et al.  Wind energy integration into future energy systems based on conventional plants – The case study of Croatia , 2014 .

[37]  Ron Zevenhoven,et al.  CEMENT MANUFACTURING USING ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND THE ADVANTAGES OF PROCESS MODELLING , 2004 .