Gaussian Beam Transformation Through Lenses and by Curved Gratings

In planar and integrated optics film waveguides serve to confine light in their fundamental mode. Usually the film waves are launched from lasers, fibres, planar strip guides, or strip-derived structures, and then have a nearly Gaussian intensity distribution in the transverse direction parallel to the film waveguide. Film lenses and film prisms as well as gratings may serve to transform or deflect such Gaussian beams in the fundamental film mode and also to refocuse them into a fibre guide or strip waveguide.