an ABC Fluoroquinolone Efflux Pump in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

The Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv2686c-Rv2687c-Rv2688c operon, encoding an ABC transporter, conferred resistance to ciprofloxacin and, to a lesser extent, norfloxacin, moxifloxacin, and sparfloxacin to Mycobacterium smegmatis . The resistance level decreased in the presence of the efflux pump inhibitors reserpine, carbonyl cyanide m -chlorophenylhydrazone, and verapamil. Energy-dependent efflux of ciprofloxacin from M. smegmatis cells containing the Rv2686c-Rv2687c-Rv2688c operon was observed. The intrinsic and acquired multidrug resistance play an im-portant role in the insurgence of tuberculosis (21). Cumulative research efforts into the study of antibiotic resistance mechanisms have implicated efflux pumps as a major underlying factor in intrinsic resistance (15). Efflux pumps, by which bacteria export various molecules outside the cell, can be classified on the basis of the energy source, which can be either the transmembrane proton gradient or the hydrolysis of ATP The involvement of proton gradient-dependent transporters in drug

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