On the accuracy, reliability and controllability of impact tests of RC beams

Abstract The impact response of reinforced concrete (RC) beams has been intensively investigated by impact tests with various setups. Given the same impact energy, different setups of drop-weight impact tests might lead to different measurements and observations of identical RC beams including the impact force, reaction force and displacement, implying the obtained impact test results depend on not only the impact energy and structure itself, but also the test setups. Therefore, it is essential to understand the measurement accuracy, reliability, and controllability of drop-weight impact tests for a successful impact test design and interpretation of test results on RC beams. This study examines the effects of various test setups and critical factors on the impact response of RC beams. Recommendations for the processing and interpretation of test results with respect to the configuration of the test setup, including the location of load cells, mass and shape of the impact head, interlayer, and boundary condition are made for drop-weight tests. The mechanism of the negative reaction force often observed in impact tests has been unveiled for a better understanding of the impact problem.

[1]  H. Hao,et al.  Impact Behavior of FRP-Strengthened RC Beams without Stirrups , 2016 .

[2]  Chengqing Wu,et al.  Behavior of ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) filled steel tubular members under lateral impact loading , 2019, International Journal of Impact Engineering.

[3]  H. Hao,et al.  Behavior of fiber-reinforced polymer-strengthened reinforced concrete beams under static and impact loads , 2017 .

[4]  A. Remennikov,et al.  Damage assessment of GFRP bar reinforced ultra-high-strength concrete beams under overloading impact conditions , 2020 .

[5]  H. Hao,et al.  Effect of the plastic hinge and boundary conditions on the impact behavior of reinforced concrete beams , 2017 .

[6]  Xihong Zhang,et al.  Dynamic response of rubberized concrete columns with and without FRP confinement subjected to lateral impact , 2018, Construction and Building Materials.

[7]  Bo Yang,et al.  Numerical analyses on steel beams with fin-plate connections subjected to impact loads , 2016 .

[8]  Hong Hao,et al.  Plastic hinges and inertia forces in RC beams under impact loads , 2017 .

[9]  Wensu Chen,et al.  Influence of drop weight geometry and interlayer on impact behavior of RC beams , 2019, International Journal of Impact Engineering.

[10]  W. Yi,et al.  Shear Mechanisms in Reinforced Concrete Beams under Impact Loading , 2017 .

[11]  Norimitsu Kishi,et al.  An equivalent fracture energy concept for nonlinear dynamic response analysis of prototype RC girders subjected to falling-weight impact loading , 2010 .

[12]  Wensu Chen,et al.  Experimental investigation on lightweight rubberized concrete beams strengthened with BFRP sheets subjected to impact loads , 2020 .

[13]  Demetrios M. Cotsovos,et al.  A simplified approach for assessing the load-carrying capacity of reinforced concrete beams under concentrated load applied at high rates , 2010 .

[14]  Yi Chen,et al.  Reinforced concrete members under drop-weight impacts , 2009 .

[15]  Hiroshi Masuya,et al.  Performance based design of reinforced concrete beams under impact , 2010 .

[16]  B. Mobasher,et al.  Low-velocity flexural impact response of fiber-reinforced aerated concrete , 2014 .

[17]  Xinpei Liu,et al.  Dynamic behaviour and energy dissipation of reinforced recycled aggregate concrete beams under impact , 2019, Construction and Building Materials.

[18]  B. Uy,et al.  The response of axially restrained non-composite steel-concrete-steel sandwich panels due to large impact loading , 2013 .

[19]  Bing Li,et al.  Low Velocity Impact Response of Reinforced Concrete Beams: Experimental and Numerical Investigation , 2015 .

[20]  Hamid Valipour,et al.  High strength and reactive powder concrete columns subjected to impact: Experimental investigation , 2015 .

[21]  N. Kishi,et al.  Low-Velocity Impact Load Testing of RC Beams Strengthened in Flexure with Bonded FRP Sheets , 2020 .

[22]  T. Kang,et al.  Drop-Weight Testing on Concrete Beams and ACI Design Equations for Maximum and Residual Deflections under Low-Velocity Impact , 2020 .

[23]  H. Hao,et al.  Impact force profile and failure classification of reinforced concrete bridge columns against vehicle impact , 2019, Engineering Structures.

[24]  Wensu Chen,et al.  Impact response of fibre reinforced geopolymer concrete beams with BFRP bars and stirrups , 2021 .

[25]  Frank J. Vecchio,et al.  Effects of Shear Mechanisms on Impact Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams , 2009 .

[26]  Sashi K. Kunnath,et al.  Numerical simulation and shear resistance of reinforced concrete beams under impact , 2018, Engineering Structures.

[27]  F. Zhou,et al.  Investigating the failure behaviors of RC beams without stirrups under impact loading , 2020 .

[28]  N. Kishi,et al.  Empirical Formulas for Designing Reinforced Concrete Beams under Impact Loading , 2012 .

[29]  Nelson Lam,et al.  ESTIMATION OF RESPONSE OF PLATE STRUCTURE SUBJECT TO LOW VELOCTIY IMPACT BY A SOLID OBJECT , 2012 .

[30]  Chuhan Zhang,et al.  Determining the impact behavior of concrete beams through experimental testing and meso-scale simulation: I. Drop-weight tests , 2015 .

[31]  Wensu Chen,et al.  Factors influencing impact force profile and measurement accuracy in drop weight impact tests , 2020 .

[32]  Kazunori Fujikake,et al.  Impact Response of Reinforced Concrete Beam and Its Analytical Evaluation , 2009 .

[33]  Hong Hao,et al.  Sensitivity of impact behaviour of RC beams to contact stiffness , 2018 .

[34]  Wensu Chen,et al.  Flexural behaviour of ambient cured geopolymer concrete beams reinforced with BFRP bars under static and impact loads , 2020 .

[35]  Sidney Mindess,et al.  Fibre reinforced concrete beams under impact loading , 1996 .

[36]  J. Qian,et al.  Resistance mechanism and reliability analysis of reinforced concrete columns subjected to lateral impact , 2020 .

[37]  g Hao,et al.  Predictions of Structural Response to Dynamic Loads of Different Loading Rates , 2015 .

[38]  Wensu Chen,et al.  Dynamic response of precast concrete beam with wet connection subjected to impact loads , 2019, Engineering Structures.

[39]  Hong Hao,et al.  Review on impact response of reinforced concrete beams: Contemporary understanding and unsolved problems , 2021 .

[40]  Hong Hao,et al.  Experimental investigation of the response of precast segmental columns subjected to impact loading , 2016 .

[41]  H. Hao,et al.  Numerical investigation of the behavior of precast concrete segmental columns subjected to vehicle collision , 2018 .

[42]  Hisashi Konno,et al.  Elasto-plastic dynamic response analysis of prototype RC girder under falling-weight impact loading considering mesh size effect , 2012 .

[43]  N. Banthia,et al.  Size-dependent impact resistance of ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete beams , 2017 .

[44]  Hjh Jos Brouwers,et al.  Impact resistance of a sustainable Ultra-High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) under pendulum impact loadings , 2016 .

[45]  Cengizhan Durucan,et al.  Experimental and numerical investigation of reinforced concrete beams with variable material properties under impact loading , 2016 .

[46]  G. S. Ulzurrun,et al.  Enhancement of impact performance of reinforced concrete beams without stirrups by adding steel fibers , 2017 .

[47]  Ö. Anıl,et al.  Load displacement behavior of concrete beam under monotonic static and low velocity impact load , 2014 .

[48]  Hoon Huh,et al.  High speed tensile test of steel sheets for the stress-strain curve at the intermediate strain rate , 2009 .

[49]  Xiu-li Du,et al.  Experimental and numerical study of reinforced concrete beams with steel fibers subjected to impact loading , 2018 .

[50]  Young Soo Yoon,et al.  Response of ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete beams with continuous steel reinforcement subjected to low-velocity impact loading , 2015 .

[51]  Hong Hao,et al.  Analytical and numerical studies on impact force profile of RC beam under drop weight impact , 2021 .

[52]  Qiushi Yan,et al.  The effect of assembling location on the performance of precast concrete beam under impact load , 2018 .

[53]  Timothy Ibell,et al.  Experimental investigation into the force propagation velocity due to hard impacts on reinforced concrete members , 2017 .

[54]  Yan Xiao,et al.  Impact Behavior of CFRP-Strip–Wrapped RC Beams without Stirrups , 2017 .

[55]  R. Roark,et al.  Roark's Formulas for Stress and Strain , 2020 .

[56]  M. A. Erki,et al.  Impact Loading of Concrete Beams Externally Strengthened with CFRP Laminates , 1999 .

[57]  Norimitsu Kishi,et al.  Impact behavior of shear-failure-type RC beams without shear rebar , 2002 .

[58]  Hong Hao,et al.  Influence of global stiffness and equivalent model on prediction of impact response of RC beams , 2018 .

[59]  Jianguo Ning,et al.  Failure behaviors of reinforced concrete beams subjected to high impact loading , 2015 .