Characteristics of commonly-used U.S. coals—Towards a set of standard research coals

Abstract This review summarizes the selection and characterization of a set of coals commonly used in research programs in the United States. These coals have been selected from available U.S. coal data bases. Organizations that provide coal samples and/or coal characterization data include the following: (1) Pennsylvania State University, which has characterized many of the Nation's coal resources, as documented in the Penn State Coal Data Base operated by the Energy and Fuels Research Center, (2) the coal sample suite used in the Direct Utilization—Advanced Research and Technology Development program managed by the Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center, and (3) Argonne National Laboratory's Premium Coal Sample Program. The selection of eleven coals from these national banks provides a standard suite of coals for the Advanced Combustion Engineering Research Center of Brigham Young University and the University of Utah. These standard coals were selected according to the following criteria: (1) representative of a variety of characteristics, ranks and properties, (2) available analyses of chemical and physical properties with wide property variations among coal types and ranks, (3) availability from major producing seams, (4) future production expected, (5) wide geographical distribution within the U.S., (6) used in previous combustion research work, (7) common to existing prominent coal banks, and (8) availability of small, controlled samples. Information about the general aspects of coal characterization is summarized. Experimental data on the physical and chemical properties of these coals are documented, and the selected coals are related to the coal data banks. Major combustion research studies where these coals have been or are being used are referenced. General use of these well-characterized coals will help coordinate and integrate a national research effort in coal combustion and conversion.

[1]  Francis T.C. Ting,et al.  Chapter 1 – Petrographic Techniques in Coal Analysis , 1978 .

[2]  Henk L. C. Meuzelaar,et al.  Numerical Extraction of Components from Mixture Spectra by Multivariate Data Analysis , 1987 .

[3]  Multivariate analysis of time-resolved mass spectral data , 1986 .

[4]  Harold H. Schobert,et al.  Coal: The Energy Source of the Past and Future , 1987 .

[5]  K. Markides,et al.  Determination of Sulfur-Containing Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds in Coal Extracts using Capillary Column Gas Chromatography with Radio Frequency Plasma Detection , 1990 .

[6]  M. Novotny,et al.  Capillary supercritical fluid chromatography , 1981 .

[7]  Alan R. Kerstein,et al.  Chemical model of coal devolatilization using percolation lattice statistics , 1989 .

[8]  S. Huff,et al.  Pyrolysis mass spectrometry of complex organic materials. , 1984, Science.

[9]  R. C. Neavel.  Coal structure and coal science: overview and recommendations , 1979 .

[10]  K. Markides,et al.  Chromatography with Supercritical Fluids , 1987, Science.

[11]  W. E. White,et al.  Surface and pore properties of ANL and PETC coals , 1988 .

[12]  J MEAD,et al.  Mechanical properties of lungs. , 1961, Physiological reviews.

[13]  Bruce J. Jackson,et al.  Direct heated interface probe for capillary supercritical fluid chromatography/double focusing mass spectrometry , 1988 .

[14]  L. D. Smoot,et al.  MEASUREMENT AND PREDICTION OF ENTRAINED-FLOW GASIFICATION PROCESSES. , 1988 .

[15]  E. Pierron.  Plastic properties of coal , 1959 .

[16]  J. Speight,et al.  Chemistry and technology of coal , 2012 .

[17]  David P Gallegos,et al.  A NMR technique for the analysis of pore structure: Determination of continuous pore size distributions , 1988 .

[18]  N. Berkowitz.  The chemistry of coal , 1985 .

[19]  R. Davidson.  Molecular Structure of Coal , 1982 .

[20]  Steven A. Benson,et al.  Comparison of inorganic constituents in three low-rank coals , 1985 .

[21]  Shirley Cheng Tsai.  Fundamentals of coal beneficiation and utilization , 1982 .

[22]  W. Windig,et al.  Self-modeling curve resolution by factor analysis of a continuous series of pyrolysis mass spectra , 1987 .

[23]  V. Bouška.  Geochemistry of coal , 1981 .

[24]  S. T. Sie,et al.  Chromatography with supercritical fluids , 1967 .

[25]  K. Markides,et al.  Identification and comparison of low-molecular-weight neutral constituents in two different coal extracts , 1988 .

[26]  C. L. Glaves,et al.  Pore structure analysis of coals via low-field spin-lattice relaxation measurements , 1988 .

[27]  W. Windig,et al.  Nonsupervised numerical component extraction from pyrolysis mass spectra of complex mixtures. , 1984, Analytical chemistry.

[28]  Huey-Ching K. Chang,et al.  Structural characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon isomers in coal tars and combustion products. , 1986, Environmental science & technology.

[29]  C. Karr.  Analytical methods for coal and coal products , 1978 .

[30]  M. Teichmüller,et al.  Die stoffliche und strukturelle Metamorphose der Kohle , 1954 .

[31]  Curve Fitting and Fourier Self-Deconvolution for the Quantitative Representation of Complex Spectra , 1987 .

[32]  D. Grant,et al.  Structural variations and evidence of segmental motion in the aliphatic region in coals observed with dipolar-dephasing NMR , 1987 .

[33]  D. Grant,et al.  Carbon-13 solid-state NMR of Argonne-premium coals , 1989 .

[34]  C. Wilkins,et al.  Synergistic Use of Infrared, 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, and Mass Spectral Data in Analysis Schemes for the Identification of Organic Mixture Components , 1987 .

[35]  G. R. Hill,et al.  Time-resolved pyrolysis mass spectrometry of coal: a new tool for mechanistic and kinetic studies , 1988 .

[36]  J. Facelli,et al.  Quantitative determination of different carbon types in fusinite and anthracite coals from carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shielding line-shape analysis , 1988 .

[37]  Peter R. Solomon,et al.  General model of coal devolatilization , 1987 .

[38]  Alan Davis,et al.  Chapter 2 – The Reflectance of Coal , 1978 .

[39]  Van Krevelen,et al.  Coal--typology, chemistry, physics, constitution , 1981 .

[40]  John F. Unsworth,et al.  Moisture in coal: 2. Maceral effects on pore structure , 1989 .

[41]  Richard J. Lee,et al.  Coal mineralogies by SEM automatic image analysis , 1980 .

[42]  A. U. Blackham,et al.  Reactivity and combustion of coal chars , 1985 .

[43]  W. Montgomery.  Chapter 6 – Standard Laboratory Test Methods for Coal and Coke , 1978 .

[44]  G. R. Hill,et al.  Prediction and modeling of coal conversion reactions by pyrolysis mass spectrometry and multivariate statistical analysis , 1987 .

[45]  Paul Averitt,et al.  Coal resources of the United States, January 1, 1974 , 1969 .

[46]  L. Douglas Smoot,et al.  Effect of coal type on entrained gasification , 1986 .