Transdermal drug delivery: a comparative analysis of skin impedance models and parameters

Variability in skin impedance can significantly influence the effectiveness of transdermal drug delivery. In order to optimize drug delivery, skin impedance frequency response must be considered. Several electrical models for skin impedance and a comparative analysis of different model parameters are presented in an attempt to identify critical parameters for an efficient drug delivery through iontophoresis. It was concluded that skin resistance and capacitance, as well as the mode of stimulation are important considerations in optimal transdermal drug delivery.