论文信息 - The GAPS programme with HARPS-N at TNG - IX. The multi-planet system KELT-6: Detection of the planet KELT-6 c and measurement of the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect for KELT-6 b - 字舞流文

The GAPS programme with HARPS-N at TNG - IX. The multi-planet system KELT-6: Detection of the planet KELT-6 c and measurement of the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect for KELT-6 b

Aims. For more than 1.5 years we spectroscopically monitored the star KELT-6 (BD+31 2447), which is known to host the transiting hot-Saturn KELT-6 b, because a previously observed long-term trend in radial velocity time series suggested that there is an outer companion. Methods. We collected a total of 93 new spectra with the HARPS-N and TRES spectrographs. A spectroscopic transit of KELT-6 b was observed with HARPS-N, and simultaneous photometry was obtained with the IAC-80 telescope. Results. We proved the existence of an outer planet with a mininum mass M p sin i = 3.71 ± 0.21 M Jup and a moderately eccentric orbit ( e = 0.21 -0.036 +0.039 ) of period P ~ 3.5 years. We improved the orbital solution of KELT-6 b and obtained the first measurement of the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect, showing that the planet has a likely circular, prograde, and slightly misaligned orbit with a projected spin-orbit angle of λ = −36 ± 11 degrees. We improved the KELT-6 b transit ephemeris from photometry and provide new measurements of the stellar parameters. KELT-6 appears as an interesting case for studying the formation and evolution of multi-planet systems.

M. Barbieri | J. Southworth | E. Poretti | F. Borsa | I. Pagano | A. S. Bonomo | M. Damasso | V. Nascimbeni | M. Rainer | A. Sozzetti | G. Micela | R. Smareglia | S. Desidera | A. F. Lanza | E. Molinari | R. U. Claudi | P. Giacobbe | R. Zanmar Sanchez | R. Cosentino | G. Piotto | L. R. Bedin | E. Covino | G. Scandariato | D. W. Latham | L. Malavolta | C. Boccato | A. Bieryla | L. Mancini | S. Benatti | D. Gandolfi | Antonino Francesco Lanza | M. Molinaro | M. Esposito | R. Gratton | M. Barbieri | A. Bonomo | R. Claudi | R. Gratton | S. Desidera | A. Maggio | R. Cosentino | D. Latham | G. Piotto | A. Sozzetti | J. Maldonado | L. Malavolta | G. Micela | E. Molinari | E. Poretti | F. Borsa | M. Damasso | S. Benatti | K. Biazzo | M. Rainer | L. Affer | E. Covino | P. Giacobbe | L. Mancini | V. Nascimbeni | I. Pagano | G. Scandariato | A. Bieryla | D. Gandolfi | K. Collins | J. Southworth | L. Fabrizio | M. Molinaro | L. Bedin | R. Smareglia | M. Esposito | K. A. Collins | J. Maldonado | K. Biazzo | A. Maggio | L. Di Fabrizio | S. Murabito | R. Z. Sánchez | L. Affer | C. Petrovich | M. Gomez-Jimenez | C. Petrovich | C. Boccato | S. Murabito | M. Gómez-Jiménez

[1] R. Greenberg,et al. Tidal Evolution of Close-in Extrasolar Planets , 2007, Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union.

[2] U. Munari,et al. The GAPS programme with HARPS-N at TNG - I. Observations of the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect and characterisation of the transiting system Qatar-1 , 2013, 1304.0005.

[3] L. B. Lucy,et al. Spectroscopic binaries with circular orbits , 1973 .

[4] Eric B. Ford,et al. Dynamical Outcomes of Planet-Planet Scattering , 2007, astro-ph/0703166.

[5] John Southworth,et al. Homogeneous studies of transiting extrasolar planets – I. Light-curve analyses , 2008, 0802.3764.

[6] S. Bloemen,et al. Gravity and limb-darkening coefficients for the Kepler, CoRoT, Spitzer, uvby, UBVRIJHK, and Sloan photometric systems , 2011 .

[7] Richard Greenberg,et al. Tidal Evolution of Close-in Extrasolar Planets , 2008 .

[8] Massachusetts Institute of Technology,et al. Improving Stellar and Planetary Parameters of Transiting Planet Systems: The Case of TrES-2 , 2007, 0704.2938.

[9] S. G. Sousa,et al. ARES v2 - new features and improved performance , 2015, 1504.02725.

[10] U. Munari,et al. The GAPS programme with HARPS-N at TNG. V. A comprehensive analysis of the XO-2 stellar and planetary systems , 2015, 1501.01424.

[11] M. Damasso,et al. TASTE - III. A homogeneous study of transit time variations in WASP-3b , 2012, 1210.3045.

[12] J. Valenti,et al. Spectroscopy Made Easy: A New Tool for Fitting Observations with Synthetic Spectra , 1996 .

[13] Cristobal Petrovich,et al. THE STABILITY AND FATES OF HIERARCHICAL TWO-PLANET SYSTEMS , 2015, 1506.05464.

[14] Michel Mayor,et al. ELODIE: A spectrograph for accurate radial velocity measurements , 1996 .

[15] J. Arlot,et al. Strong tidal dissipation in Io and Jupiter from astrometric observations , 2009, Nature.

[16] M. Barbieri,et al. The GAPS Programme with HARPS-N at TNG. III: The retrograde orbit of HAT-P-18b , 2014, 1403.6728.

[17] Robert L. Kurucz,et al. Model Atmospheres for Population Synthesis , 1992 .

[18] M. Barbieri,et al. The GAPS programme with HARPS-N at TNG. IV. A planetary system around XO-2S , 2014, 1407.0251.

[19] Instituto de Astrof'isica de Canarias,et al. Spectroscopic stellar parameters for 582 FGK stars in the HARPS volume-limited sample. Revising the metallicity-planet correlation , 2011, 1108.5279.

[20] Antonino Francesco Lanza,et al. Kepler-423b: a half-Jupiter mass planet transiting a very old solar-like star , 2014, 1409.8245.

[21] S. Tremaine,et al. Dynamical Origin of Extrasolar Planet Eccentricity Distribution , 2007, astro-ph/0703160.

[22] S. Hinkley,et al. FRIENDS OF HOT JUPITERS. I. A RADIAL VELOCITY SEARCH FOR MASSIVE, LONG-PERIOD COMPANIONS TO CLOSE-IN GAS GIANT PLANETS , 2013, 1312.2954.

[23] J. Valenti,et al. ACCURATE GRAVITIES OF F, G, AND K STARS FROM HIGH RESOLUTION SPECTRA WITHOUT EXTERNAL CONSTRAINTS , 2015, 1503.07180.

[24] M. Damasso,et al. TASTE: The Asiago Search for Transit timing variations of Exoplanets I. Overview and improved parameters for HAT-P-3b and HAT-P-14b , 2010, 1011.6395.

[25] Andrew Szentgyorgyi,et al. THE KEPLER-10 PLANETARY SYSTEM REVISITED BY HARPS-N: A HOT ROCKY WORLD AND A SOLID NEPTUNE-MASS PLANET , 2014, 1405.7881.

[26] C. Petrovich. HOT JUPITERS FROM COPLANAR HIGH-ECCENTRICITY MIGRATION , 2014, 1409.8296.

[27] Yasuhiro Ohta,et al. The Rossiter-McLaughlin Effect and Analytic Radial Velocity Curves for Transiting Extrasolar Planetary Systems , 2004, astro-ph/0410499.

[28] John Southworth,et al. Homogeneous studies of transiting extrasolar planets – IV. Thirty systems with space-based light curves , 2011, 1107.1235.

[29] R. L. Kurucz,et al. New Grids of ATLAS9 Model Atmospheres , 2004, astro-ph/0405087.

[30] C. Sneden. The nitrogen abundance of the very metal-poor star HD 122563. , 1973 .

[31] G. Furesz,et al. HAT-P-16b: A 4 MJ PLANET TRANSITING A BRIGHT STAR ON AN ECCENTRIC ORBIT, , 2010, 1005.2009.

[32] Keivan G. Stassun,et al. KELT-6b: A P ∼ 7.9 DAY HOT SATURN TRANSITING A METAL-POOR STAR WITH A LONG-PERIOD COMPANION , 2013, 1308.2296.

[33] Jong-Hak Woo,et al. Y2 Isochrones with an Improved Core Overshoot Treatment , 2004 .

[34] Astronomy,et al. Elemental abundances of low-mass stars in nearby young associations: AB Doradus, Carina Near and Ursa Major† , 2012, 1209.2591.

[35] D. Queloz,et al. The CORALIE survey for southern extra-solar planets VII - Two short-period Saturnian companions to HD 108147 and HD 168746 , 2002, astro-ph/0202457.

[36] M. Holman,et al. IMPROVED SPECTROSCOPIC PARAMETERS FOR TRANSITING PLANET HOSTS , 2012, 1208.1268.

[37] C. Moutou,et al. SOPHIE velocimetry of Kepler transit candidates II. KOI-428b: a hot Jupiter transiting a subgiant F-star , 2010, 1101.0196.