Water Supply System Analysis - Selected Topics

All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Preface This book incorporates selected topics on theory, revision, and practical application models for water supply systems analysis. A water supply system is an interconnected collection of sources, pipes, and hydraulic con‐ trol elements (e.g., pumps, valves, regulators, tanks) delivering consumers prescribed water quantities at desired pressures and water qualities. Such systems are often described as a graph, with the links representing the pipes, and the nodes defining connections between pipes, hydraulic control elements, consumers, and sources. The behavior of a water supply system is governed by: (1) the physical laws which describe the flow relationships in the pipes and the hydraulic control elements, (2) the consumer demands, and (3) the system's layout. Management problems associated with water supply systems can be classified into: (1) lay‐ out (system connectivity/topology); (2) design (system sizing given a layout); and (3) opera‐ tion (system operation given a design). On top of those, problems related to aggregation, maintenance, reliability, unsteady flow and security can be identified for gravity, and/or pumping, and/or storage branched/looped water distribution systems. Flow and head, or flow, head, and water quality can be consid‐ ered for one or multiple loading scenarios, taking into consideration inputs/outputs as de‐ terministic or stochastic variables. Fig. 1 is a schematic description of the above. Figure 1. Schematics of water distribution systems related problems. The typical high number of constraints and decision variables, the nonlinearity, and the …