Ets target genes: past, present and future

Ets is a family of transcription factors present in species ranging from sponges to human. All family members contain an approximately 85 amino acid DNA binding domain, designated the Ets domain. Ets proteins bind to specific purine-rich DNA sequences with a core motif of GGAA/T, and transcriptionally regulate a number of viral and cellular genes. Thus, Ets proteins are an important family of transcription factors that control the expression of genes that are critical for several biological processes, including cellular proliferation, differentiation, development, transformation, and apoptosis. Here, we tabulate genes that are regulated by Ets factors and describe past, present and future strategies for the identification and validation of Ets target genes. Through definition of authentic target genes, we will begin to understand the mechanisms by which Ets factors control normal and abnormal cellular processes.

[1]  C. Lok,et al.  Identification of an Erythroid Active Element in the Transferrin Receptor Gene* , 2000, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[2]  L. Johnson,et al.  Bidirectional promoter of the mouse thymidylate synthase gene. , 1994, Nucleic acids research.

[3]  V. Orlando,et al.  Mapping chromosomal proteins in vivo by formaldehyde-crosslinked-chromatin immunoprecipitation. , 2000, Trends in biochemical sciences.

[4]  J. Changeux,et al.  Induction of utrophin gene expression by heregulin in skeletal muscle cells: role of the N-box motif and GA binding protein. , 1999, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[5]  S. Tsai,et al.  The ets Family Member Tel Binds to the Fli-1 Oncoprotein and Inhibits Its Transcriptional Activity* , 1998, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[6]  J. Ware,et al.  Identification of Essential GATA and Ets Binding Motifs within the Promoter of the Platelet Glycoprotein Ibα Gene (*) , 1995, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[7]  A. C. Webb,et al.  Monocyte expression of the human prointerleukin 1 beta gene (IL1B) is dependent on promoter sequences which bind the hematopoietic transcription factor Spi-1/PU.1 , 1995, Molecular and cellular biology.

[8]  E. Lengyel,et al.  Activation Mechanisms of the Urokinase-type Plasminogen Activator Promoter by Hepatocyte Growth Factor/Scatter Factor* , 1999, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[9]  E. Kieff,et al.  Epstein-Barr virus nuclear protein 2 transactivation of the latent membrane protein 1 promoter is mediated by J kappa and PU.1 , 1995, Journal of virology.

[10]  G M Rubin,et al.  A brief history of Drosophila's contributions to genome research. , 2000, Science.

[11]  S. Nimer,et al.  Adjacent, cooperative elements form a strong, constitutive enhancer in the human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene. , 1996, Blood.

[12]  J. Otte,et al.  Ets transcription factor binding site is required for positive and TNF alpha-induced negative promoter regulation. , 1993, Nucleic acids research.

[13]  T. Miki,et al.  Prostate-specific transcription factor hPSE is translated only in normal prostate epithelial cells. , 2000, Cancer research.

[14]  H. Handa,et al.  Characterization of the Human Thrombopoietin Gene Promoter , 1997, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[15]  T. Imanishi,et al.  Both Ets-1 and GATA-1 are essential for positive regulation of platelet factor 4 gene expression. , 1998, European journal of biochemistry.

[16]  V. Štolc,et al.  Characterization of a promoter within the first intron of the human CD4 gene. , 1997, European journal of biochemistry.

[17]  B. Graves,et al.  Specificity within the ets family of transcription factors. , 1998, Advances in cancer research.

[18]  M. Shibuya,et al.  A cAMP Response Element and an Ets Motif Are Involved in the Transcriptional Regulation of flt-1 Tyrosine Kinase (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 1) Gene* , 1996, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[19]  J. Steer,et al.  Glucocorticoids Suppress Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Expression by Human Monocytic THP-1 Cells by Suppressing Transactivation through Adjacent NF-κB and c-Jun-Activating Transcription Factor-2 Binding Sites in the Promoter* , 2000, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[20]  I. Dusanter-Fourt,et al.  Thrombopoietin-induced Expression of the Glycoprotein IIb Gene Involves the Transcription Factor PU.1/Spi-1 in UT7-Mpl Cells* , 1997, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[21]  E. R. Groupp,et al.  Lipopolysaccharide Induction of THP-1 Cells Activates Binding of c-Jun, Ets, and Egr-1 to the Tissue Factor Promoter (*) , 1996, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[22]  U. Rapp,et al.  The GABP-responsive Element of the Interleukin-2 Enhancer Is Regulated by JNK/SAPK-activating Pathways in T Lymphocytes* , 1998, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[23]  C. Y. Wang,et al.  A novel Ets-related transcription factor, Elf-1, binds to human immunodeficiency virus type 2 regulatory elements that are required for inducible trans activation in T cells , 1992, Journal of virology.

[24]  A. Bernstein,et al.  An immunological renal disease in transgenic mice that overexpress Fli-1, a member of the ets family of transcription factor genes , 1995, Molecular and cellular biology.

[25]  J. Chambard,et al.  The Ets2 Transcription Factor Inhibits Apoptosis Induced by Colony-Stimulating Factor 1 Deprivation of Macrophages through a Bcl-xL-Dependent Mechanism , 1999, Molecular and Cellular Biology.

[26]  D. Edwards,et al.  Oncostatin M Stimulates c-Fos to Bind a Transcriptionally Responsive AP-1 Element within the Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 Promoter* , 1998, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[27]  T. Libermann,et al.  Isolation and characterization of a novel epithelium-specific transcription factor, ESE-1, a member of the ets family , 1997, Molecular and cellular biology.

[28]  K. Klempnauer,et al.  Myb and Ets transcription factors cooperate at the myb-inducible promoter of the tom-1 gene. , 1999, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[29]  Zhiyong Yang,et al.  NF-IL6 (C/EBPβ) Vigorously Activates il1b Gene Expression via a Spi-1 (PU.1) Protein-Protein Tether* , 2000, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[30]  L. Boxer,et al.  Identification of the Major Positive Regulators of c-myb Expression in Hematopoietic Cells of Different Lineages* , 1997, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[31]  Thomas N. Sato,et al.  Uniform vascular-endothelial-cell-specific gene expression in both embryonic and adult transgenic mice. , 1997, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[32]  P. Nelson,et al.  ATF and Jun transcription factors, acting through an Ets / CRE promoter module, mediate lipopolysaccharide inducibility of the chemokine RANTES in monocytic Mono Mac 6 cells , 2000, European journal of immunology.

[33]  M. Krönke,et al.  Regulation of the Human TNF Promoter by the Transcription Factor Ets (*) , 1995, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[34]  T. Quan,et al.  Cloning and Characterization of the Human Protein Kinase C-η Promoter* , 1999, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[35]  J. Ghysdael,et al.  Synergistic activation of the HTLV1 LTR Ets‐responsive region by transcription factors Ets1 and Sp1. , 1993, The EMBO journal.

[36]  K. Fujikawa,et al.  The Ets‐1 and Ets‐2 transcription factors activate the promoters for invasion‐associated urokinase and collagenase genes in response to epidermal growth factor , 1998, International journal of cancer.

[37]  B. Wasylyk,et al.  The collagenase gene promoter contains a TPA and oncogene‐responsive unit encompassing the PEA3 and AP‐1 binding sites. , 1990, The EMBO journal.

[38]  C. Backendorf,et al.  AP-1 and Ets Transcription Factors Regulate the Expression of the Human SPRR1A Keratinocyte Terminal Differentiation Marker* , 1998, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[39]  D. Markovitz,et al.  Differential regulation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 enhancer in monocytes at various stages of differentiation , 1993, Journal of virology.

[40]  Y. Yazaki,et al.  Transcription factor PU.1 mediates induction of c-fms in vascular smooth muscle cells: a mechanism for phenotypic change to phagocytic cells , 1996, Molecular and cellular biology.

[41]  Y. Okada,et al.  Ets-1 positively regulates expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and invasiveness of astrocytic tumors. , 1999, Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology.

[42]  U. Wirkner,et al.  Transcription Factors Ets1, NF-κB, and Sp1 Are Major Determinants of the Promoter Activity of the Human Protein Kinase CK2α Gene* , 2000, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[43]  G. Trinchieri,et al.  Synergistic Regulation of the Human Interleukin-12 p40 Promoter by NFκB and Ets Transcription Factors in Epstein-Barr Virus-transformed B Cells and Macrophages* , 1998, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[44]  C. Begley,et al.  Lineage-restricted regulation of the murine SCL/TAL-1 promoter. , 1995, Blood.

[45]  C. Y. Wang,et al.  Activation of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor promoter in T cells requires cooperative binding of Elf-1 and AP-1 transcription factors , 1994, Molecular and cellular biology.

[46]  K. Kinzler,et al.  p53 tagged sites from human genomic DNA. , 1994, Human molecular genetics.

[47]  J. D. Reid,et al.  Identification of a Cell Type-specific Enhancer in the Distal 5′-Region of the Platelet-derived Growth Factor A-chain Gene* , 1998, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[48]  J. Chambaz,et al.  Purification and characterization of nuclear factors binding to the negative regulatory element D of human apolipoprotein A-II promoter: a negative regulatory effect is reversed by GABP, an Ets-related protein. , 1994, Biochemistry.

[49]  R. Kobayashi,et al.  A DNA methylation site in the male-specific P450 (Cyp 2d-9) promoter and binding of the heteromeric transcription factor GABP , 1995, Molecular and cellular biology.

[50]  R. Evans,et al.  The steroid and thyroid hormone receptor superfamily. , 1988, Science.

[51]  W. Dang,et al.  A Three-protein-DNA Complex on a B Cell-specific Domain of the Immunoglobulin μ Heavy Chain Gene Enhancer* , 1997, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[52]  S. Mckercher,et al.  Defective trophoblast function in mice with a targeted mutation of Ets2. , 1998, Genes & development.

[53]  D. Tenen,et al.  PU.1 (Spi-1) and C/EBP alpha regulate expression of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor alpha gene , 1995, Molecular and cellular biology.

[54]  J. Ghysdael,et al.  Characterization of a hepatoma mRNA transcribed from a third promoter of a 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase-encoding gene and controlled by ets oncogene-related products. , 1993, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[55]  Michael C. Ostrowski,et al.  Regulation of urokinase-type plasminogen activator gene transcription by macrophage colony-stimulating factor , 1995, Molecular and cellular biology.

[56]  R Taub,et al.  Transcriptional up-regulation of the delayed early gene HRS/SRp40 during liver regeneration. Interactions among YY1, GA-binding proteins, and mitogenic signals. , 1998, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[57]  M. Simon,et al.  The myeloid-cell-specific c-fes promoter is regulated by Sp1, PU.1, and a novel transcription factor , 1996, Molecular and cellular biology.

[58]  N. Bhat,et al.  Characterization of the human interleukin-2 receptor beta-chain gene promoter: regulation of promoter activity by ets gene products , 1993, Molecular and cellular biology.

[59]  PU.1 is a component of a multiprotein complex which binds an essential site in the murine immunoglobulin lambda 2-4 enhancer. , 1993, Molecular and cellular biology.

[60]  G. Evan,et al.  A modified oestrogen receptor ligand-binding domain as an improved switch for the regulation of heterologous proteins. , 1995, Nucleic acids research.

[61]  G. Pfeifer,et al.  In vivo structure of the human cdc2 promoter: release of a p130-E2F-4 complex from sequences immediately upstream of the transcription initiation site coincides with induction of cdc2 expression , 1995, Molecular and cellular biology.

[62]  G. Opdenakker,et al.  Structural and functional analysis of the promoter region of the human MCP-3 gene: transactivation of expression by novel recognition sequences adjacent to the transcription initiation site. , 1997, DNA and cell biology.

[63]  A. Albor,et al.  Regulation of the human poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase promoter by the ETS transcription factor , 1999, Oncogene.

[64]  A. Friedman,et al.  C/EBP, c-Myb, and PU.1 cooperate to regulate the neutrophil elastase promoter , 1996, Molecular and cellular biology.

[65]  N. Copeland,et al.  The murine interleukin-3 receptor alpha subunit gene: chromosomal localization, genomic structure, and promoter function. , 1995, Blood.

[66]  A. Malik,et al.  H2O2 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Activate Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1) Gene Transcription through Distinct cis-Regulatory Elements within the ICAM-1 Promoter (*) , 1995, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[67]  D. Klatzmann,et al.  Characterization of the human CD4 gene promoter: transcription from the CD4 gene core promoter is tissue-specific and is activated by Ets proteins. , 1993, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[68]  D. Markovitz,et al.  Activation of the human T-cell leukemia virus type I enhancer is mediated by binding sites for Elf-1 and the pets factor , 1993, Journal of virology.

[69]  R. Scarpulla,et al.  Transcriptional activation through ETS domain binding sites in the cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV gene , 1991, Molecular and cellular biology.

[70]  R. Maurer,et al.  A Composite Ets/Pit-1 Binding Site in the Prolactin Gene Can Mediate Transcriptional Responses to Multiple Signal Transduction Pathways (*) , 1995, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[71]  C. Murre,et al.  Ets proteins: new factors that regulate immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene expression , 1993, Molecular and cellular biology.

[72]  H. Handa,et al.  Synergistic Transcriptional Activation by hGABP and Select Members of the Activation Transcription Factor/cAMP Response Element-binding Protein Family* , 1999, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[73]  M. Fenton,et al.  NF beta A, a factor required for maximal interleukin-1 beta gene expression is identical to the ets family member PU.1. Evidence for structural alteration following LPS activation. , 1995, Molecular immunology.

[74]  Enhanced cell-free transcription of the ribosomal protein L32 gene by the polyoma virus enhancer PEA3 DNA-binding protein. , 1992, European journal of biochemistry.

[75]  J. Brady,et al.  Sequence-specific interaction of the Ets1 protein with the long terminal repeat of the human T-lymphotropic virus type I , 1991, Journal of virology.

[76]  M. Meisterernst,et al.  A conserved tissue-specific structure at a human T-cell receptor beta-chain core promoter , 1997, Molecular and cellular biology.

[77]  M. Hulander,et al.  The Kidney-expressed Winged Helix Transcription Factor FREAC-4 Is Regulated by Ets-1 , 1999, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[78]  M. Cole,et al.  c-myc null cells misregulate cad and gadd45 but not other proposed c-Myc targets. , 1998, Genes & development.

[79]  D. Goldman,et al.  Identification of a neuregulin and protein-tyrosine phosphatase response element in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor epsilon subunit gene: regulatory role of an Rts transcription factor. , 1998, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[80]  J. Brady,et al.  Interaction of Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus Type I Tax, Ets1, and Sp1 in Transactivation of the PTHrP P2 Promoter* , 1997, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[81]  H. Das,et al.  An Upstream Element Containing an ETS Binding Site Is Crucial for Transcription of the Human Presenilin-1 Gene* , 1999, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[82]  T. Graf,et al.  v-Myb of E26 leukemia virus up-regulates bcl-2 and suppresses apoptosis in myeloid cells. , 1996, Genes & development.

[83]  N. Sugg,et al.  The integrin alpha v gene: identification and characterization of the promoter region. , 1994, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[84]  F. Moreau-Gachelin,et al.  Involvement of the transcription factor PU.1/Spi-1 in myeloid cell-restricted expression of an interferon-inducible gene encoding the human high-affinity Fc gamma receptor , 1994, Molecular and cellular biology.

[85]  P. Romeo,et al.  Analysis of the thrombopoietin receptor (MPL) promoter implicates GATA and Ets proteins in the coregulation of megakaryocyte-specific genes. , 1996, Blood.

[86]  A. Nordheim,et al.  The Spemann organizer‐expressed zinc finger gene Xegr‐1 responds to the MAP kinase/Ets‐SRF signal transduction pathway , 1998, The EMBO journal.

[87]  I. Imanaga,et al.  The Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger NCX1 Has Oppositely Oriented Reentrant Loop Domains That Contain Conserved Aspartic Acids Whose Mutation Alters Its Apparent Ca2+Affinity* , 2000, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[88]  T. Graf,et al.  Cooperative interaction of Ets‐1 with USF‐1 required for HIV‐1 enhancer activity in T cells , 1998, The EMBO journal.

[89]  K. Gaston,et al.  CpG methylation and the binding of YY1 and ETS proteins to the Surf-1/Surf-2 bidirectional promoter. , 1995, Gene.

[90]  T. Hirano,et al.  Identification of a novel interleukin-6 response element containing an Ets-binding site and a CRE-like site in the junB promoter , 1993, Molecular and cellular biology.

[91]  K. Gaston,et al.  CpG methylation has differential effects on the binding of YY1 and ETS proteins to the bi-directional promoter of the Surf-1 and Surf-2 genes. , 1995, Nucleic acids research.

[92]  J. Parrillo,et al.  Transcriptional Regulation of Fas Gene Expression by GA-binding Protein and AP-1 in T Cell Antigen Receptor·CD3 Complex-stimulated T Cells* , 1999, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[93]  D. Lillicrap,et al.  Binding of the Ets factor GA-binding protein to an upstream site in the factor IX promoter is a critical event in transactivation , 1996, Molecular and cellular biology.

[94]  C. Benz,et al.  A role for both Ets and C/EBP transcription factors and mRNA stabilization in the MAPK-dependent increase in p21 (Cip-1/WAF1/mda6) protein levels in primary hepatocytes. , 2000, Molecular biology of the cell.

[95]  Takahiro Ochi,et al.  Transcriptional regulation of osteopontin gene in vivo by PEBP2αA/CBFA1 and ETS1 in the skeletal tissues , 1998, Oncogene.

[96]  J. Brady,et al.  Transactivation of the P2 promoter of parathyroid hormone-related protein by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I Tax1: evidence for the involvement of transcription factor Ets1 , 1993, Journal of virology.

[97]  D. Blair,et al.  Transactivation of erythroid transcription factor GATA-1 by a myb-ets-containing retrovirus , 1992, Journal of virology.

[98]  A. Aranda,et al.  Insulin-like growth factor-1 stimulates rat prolactin gene expression by a Ras, ETS and phosphatidylinositol 3- kinase dependent mechanism , 1998, Oncogene.

[99]  P. Hewett,et al.  Cloning and partial characterization of the human tie-2 receptor tyrosine kinase gene promoter. , 1998, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[100]  G. Fourel,et al.  Cellular and viral trans-acting factors modulate N-myc2 promoter activity in woodchuck liver tumors , 1997, Oncogene.

[101]  E. Sitnicka,et al.  The Tel-PDGFRβ fusion gene produces a chronic myeloproliferative syndrome in transgenic mice , 1999, Leukemia.

[102]  C. Chang,et al.  The murine L-plastin gene promoter: identification and comparison with the human L-plastin gene promoter. , 1997, DNA and cell biology.

[103]  G. Henkel,et al.  PU.1 and GATA: components of a mast cell-specific interleukin 4 intronic enhancer. , 1994, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[104]  Y. Bernstein,et al.  Expression of the human acute myeloid leukemia gene AML1 is regulated by two promoter regions. , 1996, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[105]  G. Uzan,et al.  The tissue-specific transcriptional regulation of the megakaryocytic glycoprotein IIb gene is controlled by interactions between a repressor and positive cis-acting elements. , 1996, Blood.

[106]  D. Tenen,et al.  Function of PU.1 (Spi-1), C/EBP, and AML1 in early myelopoiesis: regulation of multiple myeloid CSF receptor promoters. , 1996, Current topics in microbiology and immunology.

[107]  Lufen Chang,et al.  Activity of the Distal Positive Element of the Peripherin Gene Is Dependent on Proteins Binding to an Ets-like Recognition Site and a Novel Inverted Repeat Site (*) , 1996, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[108]  S. Hirohashi,et al.  Cloning and Characterization of the Human β4-Integrin Gene Promoter and Enhancers* , 1998, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[109]  P. Gadue,et al.  Activation of the Megakaryocyte-specific Gene Platelet Basic Protein (PBP) by the Ets Family Factor PU.1* , 1997, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[110]  C. Albanese,et al.  Transforming p21ras Mutants and c-Ets-2 Activate the Cyclin D1 Promoter through Distinguishable Regions (*) , 1995, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[111]  P. Pennec,et al.  Characterization of the gene encoding the human LW blood group protein in LW+ and LW- phenotypes , 1996 .

[112]  M. Yaniv,et al.  Oncogenes as Transcriptional Regulators , 1997, Progress in Gene Expression.

[113]  A. A. Thompson,et al.  The promoter and 5' flanking sequences controlling human B29 gene expression. , 1996, Blood.

[114]  T. Hirano,et al.  Transcriptional activation of the IL-6 response element in the junB promoter is mediated by multiple Stat family proteins. , 1994, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[115]  T. Libermann,et al.  ELF-1 Interacts with and Transactivates the IgH Enhancer π Site* , 1996, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[116]  M Poncz,et al.  An Ets/Sp1 interaction in the 5'-flanking region of the megakaryocyte-specific alpha IIb gene appears to stabilize Sp1 binding and is essential for expression of this TATA-less gene. , 1996, Blood.

[117]  Andrew C. Li,et al.  The Macrosialin Promoter Directs High Levels of Transcriptional Activity in Macrophages Dependent on Combinatorial Interactions between PU.1 and c-Jun* , 1998, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[118]  R. Muschel,et al.  Transcriptional activation of the matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene in an H-ras and v-myc transformed rat embryo cell line , 1997, Oncogene.

[119]  R. Pankov,et al.  AP-1, ETS, and transcriptional silencers regulate retinoic acid-dependent induction of keratin 18 in embryonic cells , 1994, Molecular and cellular biology.

[120]  L. Garrett-Sinha,et al.  The Ets Factors PU.1 and Spi-B Regulate the Transcriptionin Vivo of P2Y10, a Lymphoid Restricted Heptahelical Receptor* , 1999, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[121]  A. Seth,et al.  ETS target genes: identification of egr1 as a target by RNA differential display and whole genome PCR techniques. , 1997, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[122]  H. Fan,et al.  In Vivo Footprinting of the Enhancer Sequences in the Upstream Long Terminal Repeat of Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus: Differential Binding of Nuclear Factors in Different Cell Types , 1998, Journal of Virology.

[123]  A. Fischer,et al.  Tissue-specific Activity of the γc Chain Gene Promoter Depends upon an Ets Binding Site and Is Regulated by GA-binding Protein* , 1996, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[124]  N. Janel,et al.  Ets transcription factors bind and transactivate the core promoter of the  von Willebrand factor gene , 1997, Oncogene.

[125]  V. Shepherd,et al.  PU.1 and USF Are Required for Macrophage-specific Mannose Receptor Promoter Activity* , 1999, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[126]  F. Beier,et al.  The Raf-1/MEK/ERK Pathway Regulates the Expression of the p21Cip1/Waf1 Gene in Chondrocytes* , 1999, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[127]  I. Chiu,et al.  The Small GTPases Ras, Rac, and Cdc42 Transcriptionally Regulate Expression of Human Fibroblast Growth Factor 1* , 2000, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[128]  J. Ghysdael,et al.  Elf-1 Contributes to the Function of the Complex Interleukin (IL)-2–responsive Enhancer in the Mouse IL-2 Receptor α Gene , 1997, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[129]  M. Klagsbrun,et al.  Characterization of the promoter for the human antisense fibroblast growth factor‐2 gene; Regulation by Ets in Jurkat T cells , 1999, Journal of cellular biochemistry.

[130]  A. Friedman,et al.  An Enhancer Located between the Neutrophil Elastase and Proteinase 3 Promoters Is Activated by Sp1 and an Ets Factor* , 1999, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[131]  M. Klemsz,et al.  Methylation of an ETS site in the intron enhancer of the keratin 18 gene participates in tissue-specific repression , 1997, Molecular and cellular biology.

[132]  P. Steinert,et al.  Complex Interactions between Epidermal POU Domain and Activator Protein 1 Transcription Factors Regulate the Expression of the Profilaggrin Gene in Normal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes* , 2000, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[133]  E. Miyoshi,et al.  Transcriptional Regulation of the N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase V Gene in Human Bile Duct Carcinoma Cells (HuCC-T1) Is Mediated by Ets-1* , 1996, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[134]  S. Smale,et al.  Both LyF-1 and an Ets protein interact with a critical promoter element in the murine terminal transferase gene , 1993, Molecular and cellular biology.

[135]  N. Bhat,et al.  Sequence-specific binding of human Ets-1 to the T cell receptor alpha gene enhancer. , 1990, Science.

[136]  R. Pictet,et al.  Participation of Ets transcription factors in the glucocorticoid response of the rat tyrosine aminotransferase gene , 1994, Molecular and cellular biology.

[137]  N. Kondoh,et al.  Enhanced expression of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator gene and reduced colony formation in soft agar by ectopic expression of PU.1 in HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells. , 1998, British Journal of Cancer.

[138]  S. Mckercher,et al.  Use of RDA analysis of knockout mice to identify myeloid genes regulated in vivo by PU.1 and C/EBPalpha. , 1998, Nucleic acids research.

[139]  R. Sager,et al.  Expression of maspin in prostate cells is regulated by a positive ets element and a negative hormonal responsive element site recognized by androgen receptor. , 1997, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[140]  M. Tymms,et al.  Down's syndrome-like skeletal abnormalities in Ets2 transgenic mice , 1996, Nature.

[141]  B. Erman,et al.  Regulation of lymphoid-specific immunoglobulin mu heavy chain gene enhancer by ETS-domain proteins. , 1993, Science.

[142]  H. Handa,et al.  GABP and PU.1 Compete for Binding, yet Cooperate to Increase CD18 (β2 Leukocyte Integrin) Transcription (*) , 1995, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[143]  R. Scheibe,et al.  Functional interference between retinoic acid or steroid hormone receptors and the oncoprotein Fli-1 , 1997, Oncogene.

[144]  Michael C. Ostrowski,et al.  Interaction between PU.1 and Another Ets Family Transcription Factor Promotes Macrophage-specific Basal Transcription Initiation* , 1998, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[145]  Y. Bang,et al.  A Novel ets-related Transcription Factor, ERT/ESX/ESE-1, Regulates Expression of the Transforming Growth Factor-β Type II Receptor* , 1998, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[146]  M. Montminy,et al.  Distinct roles for P-CREB and LEF-1 in TCR alpha enhancer assembly and activation on chromatin templates in vitro. , 1997, Genes & development.

[147]  A. Wellstein,et al.  Phorbol Ester-induced Transcription of a Fibroblast Growth Factor-binding Protein Is Modulated by a Complex Interplay of Positive and Negative Regulatory Promoter Elements* , 1998, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[148]  A. Cano,et al.  Regulation of E-cadherin gene expression during tumor progression: the role of a new Ets-binding site and the E-pal element. , 1999, Experimental cell research.

[149]  R. Krumlauf,et al.  Segmental regulation of Hoxb-3 by kreisler , 1997, Nature.

[150]  A. Yen,et al.  Regulation of MCL1 through a Serum Response Factor/Elk-1-mediated Mechanism Links Expression of a Viability-promoting Member of the BCL2 Family to the Induction of Hematopoietic Cell Differentiation* , 1999, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[151]  E. E. Max,et al.  Characterization of the human immunoglobulin kappa gene 3' enhancer: functional importance of three motifs that demonstrate B-cell-specific in vivo footprints , 1992, Molecular and cellular biology.

[152]  C. Hauser,et al.  Oncogene activation of human keratin 18 transcription via the Ras signal transduction pathway. , 1994, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[153]  T. Graf,et al.  Regulation of eosinophil‐specific gene expression by a C/EBP–Ets complex and GATA‐1 , 1998, The EMBO journal.

[154]  W. Vainchenker,et al.  Spi-1/PU.1 transgenic mice develop multistep erythroleukemias , 1996, Molecular and cellular biology.

[155]  W. Modi,et al.  ERF: Genomic organization, chromosomal localization and promoter analysis of the human and mouse genes , 1997, Oncogene.

[156]  P. Tempst,et al.  Differentiation-stimulated Activity Binds an ETS-like, Essential Regulatory Element in the Human Promyelocytic defensin-1Promoter* , 1998, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[157]  Ian F. Dunn,et al.  A Lipopolysaccharide-Specific Enhancer Complex Involving Ets, Elk-1, Sp1, and CREB Binding Protein and p300 Is Recruited to the Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Promoter In Vivo , 2000, Molecular and Cellular Biology.

[158]  D. Roos,et al.  PU.1 as an essential activator for the expression of gp91(phox) gene in human peripheral neutrophils, monocytes, and B lymphocytes. , 1998, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[159]  G. G. Stokes.  "J." , 1890, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[160]  K. Voo,et al.  Elf-1 and PU.1 induce expression of gp91(phox) via a promoter element mutated in a subset of chronic granulomatous disease patients. , 1999, Blood.

[161]  Analysis of the human TATA binding protein promoter and identification of an ets site critical for activity. , 1997, Nucleic acids research.

[162]  H. Yamamoto,et al.  One of two Ets-binding sites in the cytokeratin EndoA enhancer is essential for enhancer activity and binds to Ets-2 related proteins. , 1994, Nucleic acids research.

[163]  D. Watson,et al.  Ets transcription factors cooperate with Sp1 to activate the human Tenascin-C promoter , 1999, Oncogene.

[164]  M. K. Shin,et al.  Ets-related protein PU.1 regulates expression of the immunoglobulin J-chain gene through a novel Ets-binding element. , 1993, Genes & development.

[165]  L. Matrisian,et al.  TEL, a Putative Tumor Suppressor, Modulates Cell Growth and Cell Morphology of Ras-Transformed Cells While Repressing the Transcription of stromelysin-1 , 2000, Molecular and Cellular Biology.

[166]  M. Sheffery,et al.  PU.1 and an HLH family member contribute to the myeloid‐specific transcription of the Fc gamma RIIIA promoter. , 1994, The EMBO journal.

[167]  A. Giordano,et al.  ets-2 regulates cdc2 kinase activity in mammalian cells: coordinated expression of cdc2 and cyclin A. , 1995, Experimental cell research.

[168]  J. Changeux,et al.  Implication of a multisubunit Ets‐related transcription factor in synaptic expression of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor , 1998 .

[169]  V. Sementchenko,et al.  ETS2 function is required to maintain the transformed state of human prostate cancer cells , 1998, Oncogene.

[170]  T. Libermann,et al.  Tissue-Restricted Expression of the Cardiac α-Myosin Heavy Chain Gene Is Controlled by a Downstream Repressor Element Containing a Palindrome of Two Ets-Binding Sites , 1998, Molecular and Cellular Biology.

[171]  I. Dusanter-Fourt,et al.  Spi-1/PU.1 Is a Positive Regulator of the Fli-1 Gene Involved in Inhibition of Erythroid Differentiation in Friend Erythroleukemic Cell Lines , 1999, Molecular and Cellular Biology.

[172]  Y. Zou,et al.  Hypoxia-associated Induction of Early Growth Response-1 Gene Expression* , 1999, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[173]  E. Lengyel,et al.  Stimulation of 92-kDa Gelatinase B Promoter Activity by ras Is Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Kinase 1-independent and Requires Multiple Transcription Factor Binding Sites Including Closely Spaced PEA3/ets and AP-1 Sequences (*) , 1996, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[174]  M. Cogné,et al.  Regulatory elements of the mb-1 gene encoding the Ig-alpha component of the human B-cell antigen receptor. , 1996, Molecular immunology.

[175]  Thomas N. Sato,et al.  Role of the Ets transcription factors in the regulation of the vascular-specific Tie2 gene. , 1999, Circulation research.

[176]  M. F. Shannon,et al.  An Ordered Array of Cold Shock Domain Repressor Elements across Tumor Necrosis Factor-responsive Elements of the Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-stimulating Factor Promoter* , 2000, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[177]  S Meyers,et al.  PEBP2/CBF, the murine homolog of the human myeloid AML1 and PEBP2 beta/CBF beta proto-oncoproteins, regulates the murine myeloperoxidase and neutrophil elastase genes in immature myeloid cells , 1994, Molecular and cellular biology.

[178]  D. Dean,et al.  c‐Myb and Ets proteins synergize to overcome transcriptional repression by ZEB , 1997, The EMBO journal.

[179]  A. Nordheim,et al.  Regulation of the Human Interleukin-5 Promoter by Ets Transcription Factors , 1999, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[180]  J. Rowley,et al.  Functional characterization of ETV6 and ETV6/CBFA2 in the regulation of the MCSFR proximal promoter. , 1997, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[181]  J. Brady,et al.  The product of the c‐ets‐1 proto‐oncogene and the related Ets2 protein act as transcriptional activators of the long terminal repeat of human T cell leukemia virus HTLV‐1. , 1990, The EMBO journal.

[182]  P. Farnham,et al.  Coexamination of Site-Specific Transcription Factor Binding and Promoter Activity in Living Cells , 1999, Molecular and Cellular Biology.

[183]  B. Wasylyk,et al.  The c‐Ets oncoprotein activates the stromelysin promoter through the same elements as several non‐nuclear oncoproteins. , 1991, The EMBO journal.

[184]  Y. Miyamoto,et al.  Characterization of the integrin alpha(v) gene promoter in mice. , 1998, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[185]  B. Kaina,et al.  Isolation and analysis of inducibility of the rat N-methylpurine-DNA glycosylase promoter. , 1996, DNA and cell biology.

[186]  V. Nguyen,et al.  Involvement of STAT-1 and Ets Family Members in Interferon-γ Induction of CD40 Transcription in Microglia/Macrophages* , 2000, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[187]  A. Salvati,et al.  XrpFI, an amphibian transcription factor composed of multiple polypeptides immunologically related to the GA-binding protein alpha and beta subunits, is differentially expressed during Xenopus laevis development , 1993, Molecular and cellular biology.

[188]  Y. Masamune,et al.  A factor stimulating transcription of the testis-specific Pgk-2 gene recognizes a sequence similar to the binding site for a transcription inhibitor of the somatic-type Pgk-1 gene. , 1993, Nucleic acids research.

[189]  M. Rivera,et al.  A Role for CREB Binding Protein and p300 Transcriptional Coactivators in Ets-1 Transactivation Functions , 1998, Molecular and Cellular Biology.

[190]  P. Oettgen,et al.  Role of Ets factors in the activity and endothelial cell specificity of the mouse Tie gene promoter , 1999, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

[191]  C. Glass,et al.  Cell-specific expression of the macrophage scavenger receptor gene is dependent on PU.1 and a composite AP-1/ets motif , 1994, Molecular and cellular biology.

[192]  M. Ashburner,et al.  Gene Ontology: tool for the unification of biology , 2000, Nature Genetics.

[193]  D. Markovitz,et al.  Activation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 enhancer is dependent on purine box and kappa B regulatory elements , 1992, Journal of virology.

[194]  C. Dozier,et al.  Identification and analysis of the chicken c-mil promoter: possible involvement of Sp1- and Ets-related proteins. , 1993, Genomics.

[195]  A. Tajima,et al.  Mouse integrin alphav promoter is regulated by transcriptional factors Ets and Sp1 in melanoma cells. , 2000, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[196]  W. Maury,et al.  Monocyte maturation controls expression of equine infectious anemia virus , 1994, Journal of virology.

[197]  R. Li,et al.  The p42 variant of ETS1 protein rescues defective Fas-induced apoptosis in colon carcinoma cells. , 1999, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[198]  O. Farokhzad,et al.  The human beta 2 integrin CD18 promoter consists of two inverted Ets cis elements , 1994, Molecular and cellular biology.

[199]  C. Reinemann,et al.  Regulation of the leukocyte integrin gene CD11c is mediated by AP1 and Ets transcription factors. , 1996, Molecular immunology.

[200]  P. Lambert,et al.  The nfkb1 promoter is controlled by proteins of the Ets family. , 1997, Molecular biology of the cell.

[201]  J. Foidart,et al.  Murine Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Gene , 1999, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[202]  B. Graves,et al.  Identification of ETS domain proteins in murine T lymphocytes that interact with the Moloney murine leukemia virus enhancer , 1994, Molecular and cellular biology.

[203]  A. Prochiantz,et al.  An induction gene trap for identifying a homeoprotein-regulated locus , 2000, Nature Biotechnology.

[204]  R. Oshima,et al.  A Regulatory Element of the Human Keratin 18 Gene with AP-1-dependent Promoter Activity* , 1998, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[205]  L. Shapiro.  Myb and Ets Proteins Cooperate to Transactivate an Early Myeloid Gene (*) , 1995, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[206]  Yang Wang,et al.  Characterization of the Human Endothelial Nitric-oxide Synthase Promoter* , 1999, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[207]  Michael C. Ostrowski,et al.  Control of interferon-tau gene expression by Ets-2. , 1998, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[208]  C. Peterson,et al.  Regulation of the Myoblast-specific Expression of the Human β-Enolase Gene (*) , 1995, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[209]  M. Fenton,et al.  Secretory Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Gene Expression Requires both a PU.1 and a Novel Composite NF-κB/PU.1/ GA-binding Protein Binding Site* , 1998, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[210]  Y. Ikeda,et al.  Regulation of the GnT-V Promoter by Transcription Factor Ets-1 in Various Cancer Cell Lines* , 1999, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[211]  D. Tenen,et al.  The macrophage transcription factor PU.1 directs tissue-specific expression of the macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor , 1993, Molecular and cellular biology.

[212]  O. Farokhzad,et al.  Identification of cell-specific and developmentally regulated nuclear factors that direct myeloid and lymphoid expression of the CD11a gene. , 1993, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[213]  R Favier,et al.  Fli-1 is required for murine vascular and megakaryocytic development and is hemizygously deleted in patients with thrombocytopenia. , 2000, Immunity.

[214]  N. Abraham,et al.  Upregulation of human heme oxygenase gene expression by Ets‐family proteins , 1999, Journal of cellular biochemistry.

[215]  A. Seth,et al.  Isolation of target gene promoter/enhancer sequences by whole genome PCR method. , 2000, Methods in molecular biology.

[216]  P. Grant,et al.  IgM receptor‐mediated transactivation of the IgH 3′ enhancer couples a novel Elf‐1‐AP‐1 protein complex to the developmental control of enhancer function. , 1995, The EMBO journal.

[217]  W. Leonard,et al.  Regulation of cell-type-specific interleukin-2 receptor alpha-chain gene expression: potential role of physical interactions between Elf-1, HMG-I(Y), and NF-kappa B family proteins , 1995, Molecular and cellular biology.

[218]  K. K. Jacob,et al.  A Consensus Insulin Response Element Is Activated by an ETS-related Transcription Factor (*) , 1995, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[219]  D. Raveh,et al.  Restriction of interferon gamma responsiveness and basal expression of the myeloid human Fc gamma R1b gene is mediated by a functional PU.1 site and a transcription initiator consensus , 1994, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[220]  S. Weitzman,et al.  p300/cAMP-responsive Element-binding Protein Interactions with Ets-1 and Ets-2 in the Transcriptional Activation of the Human Stromelysin Promoter* , 1999, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[221]  C. Basbaum,et al.  Myeloid ELF-1-like Factor Up-regulates Lysozyme Transcription in Epithelial Cells* , 1999, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[222]  R. O’Brien,et al.  Multiple Promoter Elements Are Required for the Stimulatory Effect of Insulin on Human Collagenase-1 Gene Transcription , 1999, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[223]  M. Klemsz,et al.  Effect of PU.1 phosphorylation on interaction with NF-EM5 and transcriptional activation. , 1993, Science.

[224]  E. Ainbinder,et al.  Regulatory mechanisms involved in activator-protein-1 (AP-1)-mediated activation of glutathione-S-transferase gene expression by chemical agents. , 1997, European journal of biochemistry.

[225]  J. Newell,et al.  Involvement of the Ets Family Factor PU.1 in the Activation of Immunoglobulin Promoters (*) , 1995, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[226]  D. Watson,et al.  Molecular analysis of the ets genes and their products. , 1990, Critical reviews in oncogenesis.

[227]  Bonnie F. Sloane,et al.  Transcription of human cathepsin B is mediated by Sp1 and Ets family factors in glioma. , 2000, DNA and cell biology.

[228]  C. J. Barnett,et al.  Opposing actions of c-ets/PU.1 and c-myb protooncogene products in regulating the macrophage-specific promoters of the human and mouse colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (c-fms) genes , 1994, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[229]  T. Welte,et al.  Involvement of Ets-related proteins in hormone-independent mammary cell-specific gene expression. , 1994, European journal of biochemistry.

[230]  G. Trinchieri,et al.  Identification and Characterization of a Novel Ets-2-related Nuclear Complex Implicated in the Activation of the Human Interleukin-12 p40 Gene Promoter* , 1997, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[231]  A. Burny,et al.  A transcriptional regulatory element is associated with a nuclease-hypersensitive site in the pol gene of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 , 1994, Journal of virology.

[232]  R. Day,et al.  Selective Inhibition of Prolactin Gene Transcription by the ETS-2 Repressor Factor* , 1998, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[233]  Y. De Launoit,et al.  Requirement of a GT Box (Sp1 Site) and Two Ets Binding Sites for Vascular Endothelial Cadherin Gene Transcription* , 1998, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[234]  B. Kwon,et al.  Identification of a killer cell-specific regulatory element of the mouse perforin gene: an Ets-binding site-homologous motif that interacts with Ets-related proteins , 1993, Molecular and cellular biology.

[235]  A. Bamberger,et al.  Transcriptional regulation of the human `leukemia inhibitory factor' gene: modulation by glucocorticoids and estradiol , 1997, Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology.

[236]  J. Cazenave,et al.  Functional characterization of the human platelet glycoprotein V gene promoter: A specific marker of late megakaryocytic differentiation. , 1999, Blood.

[237]  A. Tamir,et al.  Fli-1, an Ets-Related Transcription Factor, Regulates Erythropoietin-Induced Erythroid Proliferation and Differentiation: Evidence for Direct Transcriptional Repression of the Rb Gene during Differentiation , 1999, Molecular and Cellular Biology.

[238]  M. F. Shannon,et al.  ETS1, NFκB and AP1 synergistically transactivate the human GM – CSF promoter , 1997, Oncogene.

[239]  M. Yoshida,et al.  A new regulatory element that augments the Tax-dependent enhancer of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 and cloning of cDNAs encoding its binding proteins , 1993, Journal of virology.

[240]  F. Moreau-Gachelin,et al.  The Spi‐1/PU.1 and Spi‐B ets family transcription factors and the recombination signal binding protein RBP‐J kappa interact with an Epstein‐Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 responsive cis‐element. , 1994, The EMBO journal.

[241]  D. Derse,et al.  The PU.1/Spi-1 proto-oncogene is a transcriptional regulator of a lentivirus promoter , 1993, Journal of virology.

[242]  P. Rørth,et al.  Transcription factor PEA3 participates in the induction of urokinase plasminogen activator transcription in murine keratinocytes stimulated with epidermal growth factor or phorbol-ester. , 1990, Nucleic acids research.

[243]  R. Lawn,et al.  Apolipoprotein(a) Gene Enhancer Resides within a LINE Element* , 1998, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[244]  J. Green,et al.  Cloning and expression analysis of the murine lymphotoxin beta gene. , 1995, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[245]  B. Wasylyk,et al.  Interaction of Ets-1 and the POU-homeodomain protein GHF-1/Pit-1 reconstitutes pituitary-specific gene expression , 1997, Molecular and cellular biology.

[246]  A. Rosmarin,et al.  Sp1 Cooperates with the ets Transcription Factor, GABP, to Activate the CD18 (β2 Leukocyte Integrin) Promoter* , 1998, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[247]  L. Hennighausen,et al.  An Ets site in the whey acidic protein gene promoter mediates transcriptional activation in the mammary gland of pregnant mice but is dispensable during lactation. , 1995, Molecular endocrinology.

[248]  P. Kavathas,et al.  Identification and characterization of an Alu-containing, T-cell-specific enhancer located in the last intron of the human CD8 alpha gene , 1993, Molecular and cellular biology.

[249]  C. Benz,et al.  Targeting the Ets Binding Site of the HER2/neuPromoter with Pyrrole-Imidazole Polyamides* , 2000, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[250]  N. Tanaka,et al.  Functional Analysis of the Human Interleukin 2 Receptor γ Chain Gene Promoter (*) , 1995, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[251]  B. Peterlin,et al.  Ets-1 activates the DRA promoter in B cells , 1994, Molecular and cellular biology.

[252]  G M Edelman,et al.  Synthetic promoter elements obtained by nucleotide sequence variation and selection for activity. , 2000, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[253]  U. Rapp,et al.  GABP factors bind to a distal interleukin 2 (IL-2) enhancer and contribute to c-Raf-mediated increase in IL-2 induction , 1997, Molecular and cellular biology.

[254]  Z. Werb,et al.  Synergistic Transcriptional Activation of the Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases-1 Promoter via Functional Interaction of AP-1 and Ets-1 Transcription Factors (*) , 1996, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[255]  A. J. Valente,et al.  Critical Flanking Sequences of PU.1 Binding Sites in Myeloid-specific Promoters* , 1999, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[256]  M. Roussel,et al.  A potential role for Elf-1 in terminal transferase gene regulation , 1996, Molecular and cellular biology.

[257]  G. Hayward,et al.  Synergistic interactions between overlapping binding sites for the serum response factor and ELK-1 proteins mediate both basal enhancement and phorbol ester responsiveness of primate cytomegalovirus major immediate-early promoters in monocyte and T-lymphocyte cell types , 1996, Journal of virology.

[258]  B. Wasylyk,et al.  Functional interaction of c-Ets-1 and GHF-1/Pit-1 mediates Ras activation of pituitary-specific gene expression: mapping of the essential c-Ets-1 domain , 1995, Molecular and cellular biology.

[259]  D. Watson,et al.  Hemorrhage, Impaired Hematopoiesis, and Lethality in Mouse Embryos Carrying a Targeted Disruption of the Fli1Transcription Factor , 2000, Molecular and Cellular Biology.

[260]  P. Crépieux,et al.  Hydrocortisone modulates the expression of c-ets-1 and 72 kDa type IV collagenase in chicken dermis during early feather morphogenesis. , 1997, The International journal of developmental biology.

[261]  K. Gollahon,et al.  Identification of the promoter of the myelomonocytic leukocyte integrin CD11b. , 1992, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[262]  G. Roth,et al.  Analysis of the Megakaryocyte Glycoprotein IX Promoter Identifies Positive and Negative Regulatory Domains and Functional GATA and Ets Sites* , 1996, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[263]  G. Pauli,et al.  Sequence specific binding of the transcription factor c-Ets1 to the human immunodeficiency virus type I long terminal repeat. , 1993, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[264]  A. Nordheim,et al.  Ets transcription factors and human disease. , 1998, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[265]  S. Gammeltoft,et al.  Activation of utrophin promoter by heregulin via the ets-related transcription factor complex GA-binding protein alpha/beta. , 1999, Molecular biology of the cell.

[266]  J. Navarro,et al.  PU.1 Regulates the CXCR1 Promoter* , 1999, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[267]  O. de Backer,et al.  The activation of human gene MAGE-1 in tumor cells is correlated with genome-wide demethylation. , 1996, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[268]  E. Deneris,et al.  Regulation of Transcription in the Neuronal Nicotinic Receptor Subunit Gene Cluster by a Neuron-selective Enhancer and ETS Domain Factors* , 2000, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[269]  B. Göttgens,et al.  Transcriptional Regulation of the Stem Cell Leukemia Gene by PU.1 and Elf-1* , 1998, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[270]  M. Plumb,et al.  C/EBP, NF-kappa B, and c-Ets family members and transcriptional regulation of the cell-specific and inducible macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha immediate-early gene , 1993, Molecular and cellular biology.

[271]  C. Y. Wang,et al.  cis-acting sequences required for inducible interleukin-2 enhancer function bind a novel Ets-related protein, Elf-1 , 1992, Molecular and cellular biology.

[272]  A. Rosmarin,et al.  CD18 (beta 2 leukocyte integrin) promoter requires PU.1 transcription factor for myeloid activity. , 1995, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[273]  S. Ng,et al.  Serum response factor associated ETS proteins: ternary complex factors and PEA3-binding factor. , 1994, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[274]  B. Erman,et al.  Context dependent transactivation domains activate the immunoglobulin mu heavy chain gene enhancer. , 1996, The EMBO journal.

[275]  A. Friedman,et al.  GABP cooperates with c-Myb and C/EBP to activate the neutrophil elastase promoter. , 1997, Blood.

[276]  R. Weinmann,et al.  Analysis of transcription factors binding to the duplicated PEA1 and PEA3 sites that are required for polyomavirus mutant expression in PCC4 embryonic carcinoma cells , 1993, Journal of virology.

[277]  Y. Totsuka,et al.  Activation of the p21(Waf1/Cip1) promoter by the ets oncogene family transcription factor E1AF. , 1997, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.