Validation of a Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge Instrument in a Malaysian Secondary School Context.

Purpose – This study focused on the validation of a Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) instrument for using ICT in teaching and learning effectively in a Malaysian secondary school setting. The aim of this study was to confirm a sevenfactor TPACK model which includes Technological Knowledge, Content Knowledge, Pedagogical Knowledge, Pedagogical Content Knowledge, Technological Pedagogical Knowledge, Technological Content Knowledge and Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge. Methodology – This study was designed as a case study situated within a particular context in Malaysia.A survey was administered to 150 pre-service teachers enrolled in a university in Malaysia.Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the adapted TPACK survey was preceded by assessing the fit of the measurement model with the data in the study based on the a priori theoretical model.Findings – The findings revealed that the measurement model adequately fit with the data collected within a Malaysian secondary school context, also lending validity to the adapted TPACK instrument used in this study. Significance – The adapted and translated TPACK survey was found to be a valuable self-report instrument for measuring pre-service teachers’ TPACK knowledge.A greater understanding of TPACK may be required for pre-service teachers before adequate gains in using ICT in teaching can be achieved.Thus, it is recommended that this knowledge should be integrated in the Initial Teacher Education curriculum with more attention to improving access to ICT in Initial Teacher Education and the schools

[1]  Robert E. Stake,et al.  Multiple Case Study Analysis , 2005 .

[2]  Bee Hoon Tan,et al.  Using computer games to improve secondary school students’ vocabulary acquisition in English , 2012 .

[3]  Fethi A. Inan,et al.  Factors affecting technology integration in K-12 classrooms: a path model , 2010 .

[4]  Niki Davis,et al.  Pre-Service Teachers’ Experience with ICT Integration in Secondary Schools: A Case Study of One New Zealand Context. , 2011 .

[5]  Zeynep Koçoğlu,et al.  Exploring the technological pedagogical content knowledge of pre-service teachers in language education☆ , 2009 .

[6]  Chin-Chung Tsai,et al.  Examining the technological pedagogical content knowledge of Singapore pre-service teachers with a large-scale survey , 2010, J. Comput. Assist. Learn..

[7]  Peter Albion,et al.  Development of the TTF TPACK Survey Instrument , 2013 .

[8]  Kristopher J Preacher,et al.  Sample Size in Factor Analysis: The Role of Model Error , 2001, Multivariate behavioral research.

[9]  Evrim Baran,et al.  TPACK: AN EMERGING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT TOOL FOR TEACHER EDUCATORS , 2011 .

[10]  David H. Jonassen,et al.  Meaningful Learning with Technology , 2007 .

[11]  M. Browne,et al.  Alternative Ways of Assessing Model Fit , 1992 .

[12]  J. Glutting,et al.  Examining Domains of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge Using Factor Analysis , 2013 .

[13]  Majed A. Abu-Jaber,et al.  The Effectiveness of Teacher Preparation Programs in Jordan: A Case Study , 2007 .

[14]  Peter M. Bentler,et al.  Data Modeling: Structural Equation Modeling , 2006 .

[15]  P. Bentler,et al.  Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis : Conventional criteria versus new alternatives , 1999 .

[16]  T. Sass,et al.  Teacher training, teacher quality and student achievement , 2011 .

[17]  Charles R. Graham,et al.  Diagramming TPACK in Practice: Using an Elaborated Model of the TPACK Framework to Analyze and Depict Teacher Knowledge , 2009, TechTrends.

[18]  Angela F. L. Wong,et al.  Singapore's preservice teachers' perspectives in integrating information and communication technology (ICT) during practicum , 2008 .

[19]  P. Bentler,et al.  Fit indices in covariance structure modeling : Sensitivity to underparameterized model misspecification , 1998 .

[20]  N. Huffman.  Technology and preservice teacher education: A mixed-methods study of technology integration by arts and sciences faculty into secondary education content courses , 2016 .

[21]  Margaret L. Niess,et al.  Preparing teachers to teach science and mathematics with technology: Developing a technology pedagogical content knowledge. , 2005 .

[22]  R. Kay.  Evaluating Strategies Used To Incorporate Technology Into Preservice Education , 2006 .

[23]  Matthew J. Koehler,et al.  Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge: A Framework for Teacher Knowledge , 2006, Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education.

[24]  Shelley Shwu-Ching Young,et al.  The Game Embedded CALL System to Facilitate English Vocabulary Acquisition and Pronunciation , 2014, J. Educ. Technol. Soc..

[25]  P. Lachenbruch.  Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.) , 1989 .

[26]  Joke Voogt,et al.  Developing technological pedagogical content knowledge in pre-service science teachers: Support from blended learning , 2012 .

[27]  Samer Khasawneh,et al.  Jordanian Pre-Service Teachers' and Technology Integration: A Human Resource Development Approach , 2011, J. Educ. Technol. Soc..

[28]  Janet Harkness,et al.  Questionnaires in translation , 1998 .

[29]  Charles R. Graham,et al.  An Elaborated Model of the TPACK Framework , 2009 .

[30]  Mark J. Hofer,et al.  Testing a TPACK-Based Technology Integration Assessment Rubric , 2010 .

[31]  Dennis L. Jackson.  Revisiting Sample Size and Number of Parameter Estimates: Some Support for the N:q Hypothesis , 2003 .

[32]  Wynne W. Chin,et al.  On the use, usefulness, and ease of use of structural equation modeling in MIS research: a note of caution , 1995 .

[33]  Matthew J. Koehler,et al.  Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) , 2009 .

[34]  Phil Wood.  Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Applied Research , 2008 .

[35]  Chin-Chung Tsai,et al.  Facilitating Preservice Teachers' Development of Technological, Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge (TPACK) , 2010, J. Educ. Technol. Soc..

[36]  David Whittier,et al.  The Development of an Instrument to Assess Preservice Teacher's Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge , 2011 .

[37]  Chin-Chung Tsai,et al.  Modeling primary school pre-service teachers' Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) for meaningful learning with information and communication technology (ICT) , 2011, Comput. Educ..

[38]  Leanna Archambault,et al.  Using SEM to Move from Theory to Practice with the TPACK Framework , 2011 .

[39]  Syh-Jong Jang,et al.  Exploring the TPACK of Taiwanese elementary mathematics and science teachers with respect to use of interactive whiteboards , 2012, Comput. Educ..

[40]  R. Bates,et al.  Teacher Education in a New Millennium: Pressures and Possibilities , 2007 .

[41]  P. Bentler,et al.  Comparative fit indexes in structural models. , 1990, Psychological bulletin.

[42]  Matthew B. Miles,et al.  Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook , 1994 .

[43]  Nwy Law.  Teacher Skills and Knowledge for Technology Integration , 2010 .

[44]  John W. Creswell,et al.  Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches , 1966 .

[45]  R. Brislin.  Back-Translation for Cross-Cultural Research , 1970 .

[46]  R. Yin,et al.  Case Study Research: Design and Methods (4th ed. , 2009 .

[47]  Norshuhada Shiratuddin,et al.  Mobile Game-Based Learning (mGBL): Application Development and Heuristics Evaluation Strategy , 2010 .

[48]  Matthew J. Koehler,et al.  What Happens When Teachers Design Educational Technology? The Development of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge , 2005 .

[49]  G. Winship.  Case Study Research in Practice , 2010 .

[50]  Rolph E. Anderson,et al.  Multivariate Data Analysis (7th ed. , 2009 .

[51]  Kent J. Crippen,et al.  Examining TPACK Among K-12 Online Distance Educators in the United States , 2009 .

[52]  I. Sahin.  DEVELOPMENT OF SURVEY OF TECHNOLOGICAL PEDAGOGICAL AND CONTENT KNOWLEDGE (TPACK) , 2011 .

[53]  Jason T. Abbitt.  Measuring Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge in Preservice Teacher Education , 2011 .

[54]  Matthew J. Koehler,et al.  How do we measure TPACK? Let me count the ways , 2011 .

[55]  Peter Albion,et al.  Auditing the TPACK Confidence of Australian Pre-Service Teachers: The TPACK Confidence Survey (TCS) , 2010 .

[56]  Joshua H. Barnett,et al.  Revisiting technological pedagogical content knowledge: Exploring the TPACK framework , 2010, Comput. Educ..

[57]  Douglas B. Clark,et al.  WISE design for knowledge integration , 2003 .