DETERMINATION OF HEAVY METALS IN FISH, WATER AND SEDIMENTS OF AVSAR DAM LAKE IN TURKEY

In the present study, some heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni and Pb) were seasonally determined in water, sediment and some tissues of Cyprinus carpio from Avsar Dam Lake, which is an important water source for irrigation and drinking in Turkey. Heavy metal levels in water, sediment and fish samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP/AES). The obtained results showed that the average values of Fe in water samples were higher than the respective reference values for fresh water. Results for levels in water were compared with national and international water quality guidelines, as well as literature data reported for the lakes. The analysis of heavy metals in sediments indicated that among the six heavy metals tested, Fe was maximally accumulated, followed by Ni, Cu, Cr, Pb and Cd. Heavy metal concentrations were found to decrease in sequence of the Cyprinus carpio samples, in the muscle and stomach-intestine as Fe > Cu > Pb> Ni > Cr > Cd; in the gill, heart and liver as Fe > Cu > Ni > Pb > Cr > Cd and in the air sac as Fe > Cu > Ni > Pb > Cd >Cr. In the fish samples, cadmium, chromium, nickel and lead concentrations exceeded the tolerable values provided by international institutions.

[1]  M. Verta,et al.  Survey of trace elements in lake waters of Finnish Lapland using the ICP-MS technique , 1995 .

[2]  M. Tuzen.  Determination of heavy metals in fish samples of the middle Black Sea (Turkey) by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry , 2003 .

[3]  Donald L. Reish,et al.  Manual of Methods in Aquatic Environment Research , 1986 .

[4]  D. Petridis,et al.  Copper and zinc in four freshwater fish species from Lake Pamvotis (Greece). , 2004, Environment international.

[5]  L. Haller,et al.  Effects of a sewage treatment plant outlet pipe extension on the distribution of contaminants in the sediments of the Bay of Vidy, Lake Geneva, Switzerland. , 2008, Bioresource technology.

[6]  C. Fernandes,et al.  Heavy metals in water, sediment and tissues of Liza saliens from Esmoriz–Paramos lagoon, Portugal , 2007, Environmental monitoring and assessment.

[7]  K. Ohta,et al.  Selected elemental composition of the muscle tissue of three species of fish, Tilapia nilotica, Cirrhina mrigala and Clarius batrachus, from the fresh water Dhanmondi Lake in Bangladesh , 2005 .

[8]  F. Stagnitti,et al.  A comparison of trace element concentrations in cultured and wild carp (Cyprinus carpio) of Lake Kasumigaura, Japan. , 2002, Ecotoxicology and environmental safety.

[9]  S. Praveena,et al.  APPLICATION OF SEDIMENT QUALITY GUIDELINES IN THE ASSESSMENT OF MANGROVE SURFACE SEDIMENT IN MENGKABONG LAGOON, SABAH, MALAYSIA , 2008 .

[10]  A. Samecka-Cymerman,et al.  Heavy metals in three lakes in West Poland. , 1999, Ecotoxicology and environmental safety.

[11]  A. Kontaş,et al.  Trace metal and organochlorine residue levels in red mullet (Mullus barbatus) from the eastern Aegean, Turkey. , 2001, Water research.

[12]  J. Weis,et al.  Bioaccumulation of four heavy metals in two populations of grass shrimp,Palaemonetes pugio , 1989, Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology.

[13]  D. Kampbell,et al.  Total, dissolved, and bioavailable metals at Lake Texoma marinas. , 2003, Environmental pollution.

[14]  J. Machiwa,et al.  Distribution of heavy metals in sediments of Mwanza Gulf of Lake Victoria, Tanzania. , 2003, Environment international.

[15]  H. Namminga.  Effects of High Discharge and an Oil Refinery Cleanup Operation on Heavy Metals in Water and Sediments in Skeleton Creek , 1976 .

[16]  D. A. Hickman,et al.  Determination of heavy metals , 1979 .

[17]  M. Öztürk,et al.  Determination of Heavy Metals in of Fishes, Water and Sediment from the Demirköprü Dam Lake (Turkey) , 2008 .

[18]  R. Punturo,et al.  Heavy metals in coastal water systems. A case study from the northwestern Gulf of Thailand. , 2006, Chemosphere.

[19]  D. Baird,et al.  Survey of heavy metals in the sediments of the Swartkops River Estuary, Port Elizabeth South Africa , 2001 .

[20]  M. Gladyshev,et al.  Content of Metals in Compartments of Ecosystem of a Siberian Pond , 2001, Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology.

[21]  M. Burchett,et al.  Cellular distribution of copper, lead and zinc in the grey mangrove, Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh , 2000 .

[22]  M. Rashed,et al.  Monitoring of environmental heavy metals in fish from Nasser Lake. , 2001, Environment international.

[23]  Trace metals on the Algarve coast, II: Bioaccumulation in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck, 1819) , 1999 .

[24]  H Karadede,et al.  Concentrations of some heavy metals in water, sediment and fish species from the Atatürk Dam Lake (Euphrates), Turkey. , 2000, Chemosphere.

[25]  J. Morillo,et al.  Heavy metals in fish (Solea vulgaris, Anguilla anguilla and Liza aurata) from salt marshes on the southern Atlantic coast of Spain. , 2004, Environment international.

[26]  F. Külahcı,et al.  Concentrations of heavy metal and radioactivity in surface water and sediment of Hazar Lake (Elaziğ, Turkey). , 2004, Chemosphere.

[27]  Mustafa Canli,et al.  The relationships between heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn) levels and the size of six Mediterranean fish species. , 2003, Environmental pollution.

[28]  M. Storelli,et al.  Trace elements in loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) from the eastern Mediterranean Sea: overview and evaluation. , 2005, Environmental pollution.