A Novel Resource Deployment Approach to Mobile Microlearning: From Energy-Saving Perspective

Mobile Microlearning, a novel fusion form of the mobile Internet, cloud computing, and microlearning, becomes more prevalent in recent years. However, its high deployment and operational costs make energy saving in cloud become a concerning issue. In this paper, to save energy consumption, a resource deployment approach to cloud service provision for Mobile Microlearning is proposed. Chinese Lexical Analysis System and Dynamic Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (D-TF-IDF) are adopted to implement resource classification. Resources are deployed to the 2-tier cloud architecture according to the classification results. Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm is used to forecast real-time energy consumption per byte. The simulation results show that, compared to traditional algorithm, the classification accuracy of small sample categories was significantly improved; the forecast energy consumption value and the standard values are 7.67% in private cloud and 2.93% in public cloud; the energy saving reaches 2.22% to 16.23% in 3G and 7.35% to 20.74% in Wi-Fi.

[1]  Radu-Emil Precup,et al.  Grey Wolf Optimizer Algorithm-Based Tuning of Fuzzy Control Systems With Reduced Parametric Sensitivity , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[2]  Neeraj Suri,et al.  Run Time Application Repartitioning in Dynamic Mobile Cloud Environments , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing.

[3]  Junzhou Luo,et al.  Evaluations of heuristic algorithms for teamwork-enhanced task allocation in mobile cloud-based learning , 2013, Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE 17th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD).

[4]  Jie Xu,et al.  Customer-aware resource overallocation to improve energy efficiency in realtime Cloud Computing data centers , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Service-Oriented Computing and Applications (SOCA).

[5]  Antoine Doucet,et al.  Building engagement for MOOC students: introducing support for time management on online learning platforms , 2014, WWW.

[6]  Bidyadhar Subudhi,et al.  A New MPPT Design Using Grey Wolf Optimization Technique for Photovoltaic System Under Partial Shading Conditions , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy.

[7]  D. Kolb,et al.  Learning Styles and Learning Spaces: Enhancing Experiential Learning in Higher Education , 2005 .

[8]  Jingyu Sun,et al.  Personalized Micro-Learning Support Based on Process Mining , 2015, 2015 7th International Conference on Information Technology in Medicine and Education (ITME).

[9]  Martin Ebner,et al.  MOOCs Completion Rates and Possible Methods to Improve Retention - A Literature Review , 2014 .

[10]  Shiping Chen,et al.  MLaaS: A Cloud System for Mobile Micro Learning in MOOC , 2015, 2015 IEEE International Conference on Mobile Services.

[11]  Shui Yu,et al.  A Virtual Machine Scheduling Method for Trade-Offs Between Energy and Performance in Cloud Environment , 2016, 2016 International Conference on Advanced Cloud and Big Data (CBD).

[12]  Sang Hyun Kim,et al.  An Introduction to Current Trends and Benefits of Mobile Wireless Technology Use in Higher Education , 2006 .

[13]  Line Kolås,et al.  Interactive modules in a MOOC , 2016, 2016 15th International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET).

[14]  金舟,et al.  Online Virtual Machine Placement for Increasing Cloud Provider’s Revenue , 2016 .

[15]  Edmund Y. Lam,et al.  Toward a Complete E-learning System Framework for Semantic Analysis, Concept Clustering and Learning Path Optimization , 2012, 2012 IEEE 12th International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies.

[16]  Yongmin Zhang,et al.  Joint optimization of downlink and D2D transmissions for SVC streaming in cooperative cellular networks , 2016, Neurocomputing.

[17]  Klara du Plessis Stop Words , 2020, DH.

[18]  Karen Spärck Jones A statistical interpretation of term specificity and its application in retrieval , 2021, J. Documentation.

[19]  Hans Peter Luhn,et al.  A Statistical Approach to Mechanized Encoding and Searching of Literary Information , 1957, IBM J. Res. Dev..

[20]  Rajkumar Buyya,et al.  Energy Efficient Resource Management in Virtualized Cloud Data Centers , 2010, 2010 10th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing.

[21]  Pasi Liljeberg,et al.  Energy Aware Consolidation Algorithm Based on K-Nearest Neighbor Regression for Cloud Data Centers , 2013, 2013 IEEE/ACM 6th International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing.

[22]  Christof Fetzer,et al.  Energy-aware scheduling for infrastructure clouds , 2012, 4th IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science Proceedings.

[23]  M. F. Kamaruzaman,et al.  Behavior response among secondary school students development towards mobile learning application , 2012, 2012 IEEE Colloquium on Humanities, Science and Engineering (CHUSER).

[24]  Arun Venkataramani,et al.  Energy consumption in mobile phones: a measurement study and implications for network applications , 2009, IMC '09.

[25]  Junfei Zhang,et al.  Design of a Microlecture Mobile Learning System Based on Smartphone and Web Platforms , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Education.

[26]  Zhi-hui Zhan,et al.  Energy aware virtual machine placement scheduling in cloud computing based on ant colony optimization approach , 2014, GECCO.

[27]  E. Emanuel Online education: MOOCs taken by educated few , 2013, Nature.

[28]  Li Yang,et al.  A Green Cloud Service Provisioning Method for Mobile Micro-Learning , 2018 .

[29]  Jun Shen,et al.  Facilitating Social Collaboration in Mobile Cloud-Based Learning: A Teamwork as a Service (TaaS) Approach , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies.

[30]  Crina Grosan,et al.  Experienced Gray Wolf Optimization Through Reinforcement Learning and Neural Networks , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems.

[31]  Andrew Lewis,et al.  Grey Wolf Optimizer , 2014, Adv. Eng. Softw..

[32]  Parisa Ghodous,et al.  Enhanced First-Fit Decreasing Algorithm for Energy-Aware Job Scheduling in Cloud , 2014, 2014 International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence.

[33]  Tommi Mikkonen,et al.  Coordinating Proactive Social Devices in a Mobile Cloud: Lessons Learned and a Way Forward , 2016, 2016 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Mobile Software Engineering and Systems (MOBILESoft).

[34]  Athanasios V. Vasilakos,et al.  An Online Mechanism for Resource Allocation and Pricing in Clouds , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Computers.

[35]  Gerard Salton,et al.  Term-Weighting Approaches in Automatic Text Retrieval , 1988, Inf. Process. Manag..

[36]  Mohamed Menaa,et al.  LFC enhancement concerning large wind power integration using new optimised PID controller and RFBs , 2016 .

[37]  J. Baggaley MOOC rampant , 2013 .