Impact of Massanjore Dam on hydro-geomorphological modification of Mayurakshi River, Eastern India

AbstractMassanjore reservoir (area ~67 km2) located 84 km downstream from the most distant upstream source capacitates 620,000,000 m3 of water, and regulated flow characters are highly responsible for dam downstream alteration of hydrological, sedimentological and geomorphological characteristics of Mayurakshi River. In dam after condition, monsoon water level (mean water level during monsoon months) and pre-monsoon water level (mean water level during pre-monsoon months, i.e., March–May) have attenuated about 0.56 and 0.32 m, respectively. Maximum duration of high flow period during monsoon has reduced up to 16.5 %; coefficient of variation of diurnal fluctuation of water level during monsoon has increased from 31 to 47 %. Suspended sediment load in Mayurakshi River is reduced to 34 % in dam after period as recorded at Narayanpur gauge station. Average suspended sediment load has decreased even after Tilpara barrage construction from 4.960 to 4.350 mg/L. Average suspended sediment load is 7.875 mg/L in the sites of dam upstream course, and this average is only 4.46 mg/L in different sites of dam downstream course. Volume of discharge has decreased up to 11.3 % during monsoon time in dam after condition. Such reduction in discharge volume in turn has reduced about 24.6 % bed load-carrying capacity. As a result, huge deposition within channel invigorated channel bed aggradations (average 73.6 cm up to Saspara, site 14 at Fig. 1) in dam after condition. Narrowing of active channel, coarsening of channel bed materials, lowering of lateral stability, accelerating rise of braiding index, mixed response of the channel adjustment of the tributaries to local scale positive or negative base level change due to river bed aggradations and degradation, etc. signify the morphological alteration of dam downstream course.Fig. 1Mayurakshi River basin indicating Massanjore Dam, Tilpara barrage and sample working sites

[1]  Mohammed El Bastawesy,et al.  Hydrological Scenarios of the Renaissance Dam in Ethiopia and Its Hydro-Environmental Impact on the Nile Downstream , 2015 .

[2]  J. Brice,et al.  Channel patterns and terraces of the Loup Rivers in Nebraska , 1964 .

[3]  Dharam Singh,et al.  Evaluation of ground water quality in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh using remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) , 2013 .

[4]  P. Carling.  Channel change and sediment transport in regulated U.K. rivers , 1988 .

[5]  J. Schmidt,et al.  Channel narrowing by vertical accretion along the Green River near Green River, Utah , 1999 .

[6]  Peter H. Gleick,et al.  Water in crisis: a guide to the world's fresh water resources , 1993 .

[7]  M. Wolman,et al.  Downstream effects of dams on alluvial rivers. , 1984 .

[8]  Shiliang Liu,et al.  Effect of Dam Construction on Spatial-Temporal Change of Land Use: A Case Study of Manwan, Lancang River, Yunnan, China , 2010 .

[9]  Ronghua Ma,et al.  Evaluation of remote sensing algorithms for cyanobacterial pigment retrievals during spring bloom formation in several lakes of East China , 2012 .

[10]  E. W. Lane.  The Importance of Fluvial Morphology in Hydraulic Engineering , 1955 .

[11]  G. Petts,et al.  Hydrological changes and river regulation in the UK , 1988 .

[12]  G. Petts.  Complex response of river channel morphology subsequent to reservoir construction , 1979 .

[13]  V. Galay.  Causes of river bed degradation , 1983 .

[14]  Fanghua Hao,et al.  Vegetation response to 30 years hydropower cascade exploitation in upper stream of Yellow River , 2010 .

[15]  G. Petts,et al.  Physical effects of reservoirs on river systems , 1979 .

[16]  W. Graf.  Dam nation: A geographic census of American dams and their large‐scale hydrologic impacts , 1999 .

[17]  G. Lanza,et al.  Silenced Rivers: The Ecology and Politics of Large Dams , 1996 .

[18]  N. Chien.  Changes in river regime after the construction of upstream reservoirs , 1985 .

[19]  C. Vörösmarty,et al.  Anthropogenic sediment retention: major global impact from registered river impoundments , 2003 .

[20]  W. Graf.  Geomorphology and American dams: The scientific, social, and economic context , 2005 .

[21]  Evy Hendriarianti,et al.  River Water Quality Performance from Carbondioxygenation Rate , 2017 .

[22]  J. Schmidt,et al.  Equilibrium or indeterminate? Where sediment budgets fail: Sediment mass balance and adjustment of channel form, Green River downstream from Flaming Gorge Dam, Utah and Colorado , 2005 .

[23]  G. Petts.  Morphological changes of river channels subsequent to headwater impoundment , 1980 .

[24]  F. Nnadi,et al.  Reservoir storage variations from hydrological mass balance and satellite radar altimetry , 2012 .

[25]  N. C. Morgan,et al.  Impounded rivers, perspectives for ecological management , 1985 .

[26]  L. B. Leopold,et al.  River channel patterns: Braided, meandering, and straight , 1957 .

[27]  J. Schmidt,et al.  Streamflow regulation and multi-level flood plain formation: channel narrowing on the aggrading Green River in the eastern Uinta Mountains, Colorado and Utah , 2002 .

[28]  E. D. Andrews,et al.  Downstream effects of Flaming Gorge Reservoir on the Green River, Colorado and Utah , 1986 .

[29]  W. Erskine,et al.  HYDROLOGICAL IMPACTS OF FLOW REGULATION ASSOCIATED WITH THE UPPER NEPEAN WATER SUPPLY , 1995 .

[30]  Yaseen T. Mustafa,et al.  Satellite remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) to assess changes in the water level in the Duhok dam , 2013 .

[31]  W. Erskine,et al.  Complex channel response to flow regulation: Cudgegong River below Windamere Dam, Australia , 1994 .

[32]  G. Leeks,et al.  Responses of the sediment system of a regulated river to a scour valve release: Llyn Clywedog, mid‐Wales, U.K. , 1989 .

[33]  S. Anders Brandt,et al.  Classification of geomorphological effects downstream of dams , 2000 .

[34]  Geoffrey J. Hay,et al.  Object-based change detection , 2012 .

[35]  Å. Sundborg.  The River Klarälven a Study of Fluvial Processes , 1956 .

[36]  X. Jiong-xin.  Evolution of mid‐channel bars in a braided river and complex response to reservoir construction: an example from the middle Hanjiang River, China , 1997 .

[37]  J. Bridge,et al.  The interaction between channel geometry, water flow, sediment transport and deposition in braided rivers , 1993, Geological Society, London, Special Publications.

[38]  Rolf Kellerhals,et al.  Morphological effects of interbasin river diversions , 1979 .

[39]  G. Brune.  Trap efficiency of reservoirs , 1953 .

[40]  Jan Cornelius Schmidt,et al.  Dams and rivers: a primer on the downstream effects of dams , 1996 .

[41]  F. Lea,et al.  International Commission on Large Dams , 1936, Nature.

[42]  M. Banerjee.  A REPORT ON THE IMPACT OF FARAKKA BARRAGE ON THE HUMAN FABRIC (A study of the upstream and downstream areas of Farakka Barrage) , 1999 .

[43]  V. Vanacker.  Land Use and Sediment Yield , 2013 .

[44]  W. Dietrich,et al.  Dams and downstream aquatic biodiversity: Potential food web consequences of hydrologic and geomorphic change , 1996, Environmental management.

[45]  R. C. Clark,et al.  Sediment transport and channel characteristics of a sand-bed portion of the green river below flaming gorge dam, Utah, USA , 1992 .

[46]  W. Graf.  Downstream hydrologic and geomorphic effects of large dams on American rivers , 2006 .

[47]  D. Walling,et al.  Recent trends in the suspended sediment loads of the world's rivers , 2003 .

[48]  Kevin White,et al.  Hydrology and geomorphology of the Upper White Nile lakes and their relevance for water resources management in the Nile basin , 2013 .

[49]  Gregor T. Auble,et al.  Downstream effects of dams on channel geometry and bottomland vegetation: Regional patterns in the great plains , 1998, Wetlands.

[50]  Si-Yuan Wang,et al.  Dynamics and changes in spatial patterns of land use in Yellow River Basin, China , 2010 .

[51]  R. M. Saleh,et al.  Monitoring and Evaluating Land Cover Change in The Duhok City, Kurdistan Region-Iraq, by Using Remote Sensing and GIS , 2012 .

[52]  Paul R. Ehrlich,et al.  Human Appropriation of Renewable Fresh Water , 1996, Science.

[53]  K. Richards,et al.  Braided-channel pattern and palaeohydrology using an index of total sinuosity , 1993, Geological Society, London, Special Publications.

[54]  Geoffrey E. Petts,et al.  Impounded Rivers: Perspectives for Ecological Management , 1984 .

[55]  J. Mount,et al.  Restoration of floodplain topography by sand-splay complex formation in response to intentional leve , 2002 .