Optical spectroscopy in chemistry and life sciences

Preface. 1 Introduction to Optical Spectroscopy. 1.1 Overview. 1.2 History of Optical Spectroscopy. 1.3 Selected Further Reading. 2 Fundamental Principles. 2.1 The Nature of Light. 2.2 Electromagnetic Radiation. 2.3 Interaction of Light and Matter. 2.4 Selected Further Reading. 3 Optics for Spectroscopy. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Physical Light Units. 3.3 Photometric Light Units. 3.4 Light Sources. 3.5 Geometric Optics and Wave Optics. 3.6 Monochromators. 3.7 Photodetectors. 3.8 Cuvettes. 3.9 Selected Further Reading. 4 Spectroscopy of Atoms. 4.1 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. 4.2 Atomic Emission Spectroscopy. 4.3 Interferences. 4.4 Selected Further Reading. 5 Molecular Absorption Spectroscopy. 5.1 The Bouguer-Lambert-Beer Law. 5.2 Monochromators. 5.3 Absorption Properties of Molecules. 5.4 Modification of Absorption Spectra. 5.5 Dual Wavelength Spectrophotometry. 5.6 Spectrophotometers for Specific Applications. 5.7 Selected Further Reading. 6 Luminescence Spectrophotometry. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Mechanisms Involved in Fluorescence. 6.3 Fluorescence Measurement. 6.4 Polarization and Anisotropy. 6.5 Fluorescence Lifetime. 6.6 Selected Topics. 6.7 Phosphorescence. 6.8 Chemo- and Photobioluminescence. 6.9 Delayed Luminescence. 6.10 Selected Further Reading. 7 Photoacoustic Spectroscopy. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Basic Principle of Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (PAS). 7.3 Theory of Photoacoustic Spectroscopy. 7.4 Experimental Methods. 7.5 Photochemically Active Samples. 7.6 Selected PAS Techniques. 7.7 Resume and Outlook. 7.8 Selected Further Reading. 8 Scattering, Diffraction and Reflection. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Elastic Scattering. 8.3 Raman Scattering Versus Infrared Spectroscopy. 8.4 Rainbows. 8.5 Reflection Spectroscopy. 8.6 Attenuated Total Reflection Spectroscopy (ATRS). 8.7 Selected Further Reading. 9 Circular Dichroism and Optical Rotation. 9.1 Polarized Light: a Generalization. 9.2 Optical Rotatory Dispersion (ORD). 9.3 Circular Dichroism (CD). 9.4 Theoretical Basis of the Cotton Effect. 9.5 The CD Spectrometer. 9.6 Applications. 9.7 Ellipsometry. 9.8 Closing Comments. 9.9 Selected Further Reading. 10 Near-infrared Spectroscopy. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Theory of Near-infrared Spectroscopy. 10.3 The Infrared Spectrometer. 10.4 Presentation of Near-infrared Spectra. 10.5 Algorithms for the Analysis of Near-infrared Spectra. 10.6 Applications. 10.7 Summary. 10.8 Selected Further Reading. Appendix. A1 Conversion Factors for Units of Energy. A2 Important Natural Constants. A3 Manufacturers and Distributors (representative selection). A4 Periodic Table of the Elements. A5 Index.