Electrohydrodynamic atomization of protein (bovine serum albumin)

Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was chosen as a model protein. Three solutions of different concentrations of 5, 20 and 50 mg/ml were prepared, characterised and subjected to electrohydrodynamic atomization (EHDA). The 5 and 20 mg/ml solutions were atomized successfully and mode selection (M-S) maps were drawn for both concentrations to find out regions of stable cone-jet mode atomizaton. Droplet relics of these two solutions were investigated by electron microscopy. Samples were investigated by UV spectroscopy and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy before and after electrohydrodynamic atomization. We conclude that, particularly at the higher concentration of protein, EHDA does not result in significant structural change of BSA, and therefore is a processing route that can be considered for encapsulating drugs in proteins.

[1]  M. Rothschild,et al.  Albumin: Structure, Function and Uses , 1977 .

[2]  M. Cloupeau,et al.  Electrostatic spraying of liquids in cone-jet mode , 1989 .

[3]  J. Lammers,et al.  Electro-hydrodynamic atomization of drug solutions for inhalation purposes. , 2001, Journal of applied physiology.

[4]  Scott J. Mcclellan,et al.  Effect of concentration and denaturation on adsorption and surface tension of bovine serum albumin , 2003 .

[5]  I. Kuntz,et al.  Hydration of proteins and polypeptides. , 1974, Advances in protein chemistry.

[6]  J. F. Foster.  SOME ASPECTS OF THE STRUCTURE AND CONFORMATIONAL PROPERTIES OF SERUM ALBUMIN , 1977 .

[7]  D. Carter,et al.  Atomic structure and chemistry of human serum albumin , 1992, Nature.

[8]  S. Kaufman,et al.  Macromolecule analysis based on electrophoretic mobility in air:  globular proteins. , 1996, Analytical chemistry.

[9]  U Kragh-Hansen,et al.  Molecular aspects of ligand binding to serum albumin. , 1981, Pharmacological reviews.

[10]  Hideo Watanabe,et al.  Experimental study on electrostatic atomization of highly viscous liquids , 2003 .

[11]  M. A. Tung.  RHEOLOGY OF PROTEIN DISPERSIONS , 1978 .

[12]  D. Carter,et al.  Preliminary crystallographic studies of four crystal forms of serum albumin. , 1994, European journal of biochemistry.

[13]  W. Müller,et al.  The location of drug binding sites in human serum albumin. , 1981, Biochemical pharmacology.

[14]  John Zeleny,et al.  The Electrical Discharge from Liquid Points, and a Hydrostatic Method of Measuring the Electric Intensity at Their Surfaces , 1914 .

[15]  A. Gomez,et al.  Charge and fission of droplets in electrostatic sprays , 1994 .

[16]  P. Brick,et al.  Crystal structure of human serum albumin complexed with fatty acid reveals an asymmetric distribution of binding sites , 1998, Nature Structural Biology.

[17]  V. Levi,et al.  Determination of the molecular size of BSA by fluorescence anisotropy , 2003 .

[18]  S. Stavchansky,et al.  Electrostatic spraying and its use in drug delivery — Cholesterol microspheres , 1995 .

[19]  L. Fiume,et al.  Targeting of antiviral drugs bound to protein carriers. , 1988, Critical reviews in therapeutic drug carrier systems.

[20]  John R. Albright,et al.  Mass dependence of the momentum-transfer distributions in pi+ p ---> p 8pi at 11.0 gev/c , 1974 .

[21]  M. M. Bradford.  A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. , 1976, Analytical biochemistry.

[22]  R. A. Coffee,et al.  Electrodynamic crop spraying , 1981 .

[23]  David Y. H. Pui,et al.  Electrospraying of conducting liquids for monodisperse aerosol generation in the 4 nm to 1.8 μm diameter range , 1995 .

[24]  W C Johnson,et al.  Variable selection method improves the prediction of protein secondary structure from circular dichroism spectra. , 1987, Analytical biochemistry.

[25]  Harold C. Mack,et al.  THE PLASMA PROTEINS , 1960 .

[26]  W. C. Johnson,et al.  Analyzing protein circular dichroism spectra for accurate secondary structures , 1999, Proteins.

[27]  John Zeleny,et al.  Instability of Electrified Liquid Surfaces , 1917 .

[28]  N. Sreerama,et al.  Estimation of protein secondary structure from circular dichroism spectra: comparison of CONTIN, SELCON, and CDSSTR methods with an expanded reference set. , 2000, Analytical biochemistry.

[29]  M. Edirisinghe,et al.  A Novel Method of Forming Open Cell Ceramic Foam , 2002 .

[30]  M. Edirisinghe,et al.  Electrohydrodynamic Atomization of a Concentrated Nano‐Suspension , 2005 .

[31]  Geoffrey Ingram Taylor,et al.  Electrically driven jets , 1969, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[32]  Inge Axelsson,et al.  Characterization of proteins and other macromolecules by agarose gel chromatography , 1978 .

[33]  J. T. Yang,et al.  The viscosity of macromolecules in relation to molecular conformation. , 1961, Advances in protein chemistry.

[34]  Y H Chen,et al.  Determination of the helix and beta form of proteins in aqueous solution by circular dichroism. , 1974, Biochemistry.

[35]  Geoffrey Ingram Taylor,et al.  Disintegration of water drops in an electric field , 1964, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[36]  A. Gomez,et al.  Production of protein nanoparticles by electrospray drying , 1998 .

[37]  Charles Tanford,et al.  Physical Chemistry of Macromolecules , 1961 .

[38]  S. Akashi,et al.  Rapid confirmation and revision of the primary structure of bovine serum albumin by ESIMS and Frit-FAB LC/MS. , 1990, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[39]  T. De Wilde,et al.  A novel ceramic printing technique based on electrostatic atomization of a suspension , 2002 .

[40]  Lee Whitmore,et al.  DICHROWEB: an interactive website for the analysis of protein secondary structure from circular dichroism spectra , 2002, Bioinform..

[41]  S N Jayasinghe,et al.  In vitro assessment of the biological response to nano-sized hydroxyapatite , 2004, Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine.

[42]  J. Fenn,et al.  Electrospray interface for liquid chromatographs and mass spectrometers. , 1985, Analytical chemistry.