Development of MIMO–OFDM system and forward error correction techniques since 2000s

The multi-input multi-output–orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO–OFDM) system serves as one of the most promising techniques that support high data rate and high performance in diverse fading channel conditions. The paper presents an overview of MIMO–OFDM wireless technology, covering advances in physical-layer design, various space–time codes, space–frequency codes and efficient concatenated forward error correction techniques, along with interleaving to yield reduced bit error rate performance (BER). Further, the paper presents the evolution of various performance metrics that are reported since the 2000s in the literature. The evolution outcome is examined using a quadratic nonlinear fitting function to assess the interesting performance metrics. Since BER versus SNR analysis is found as the interesting performance study of the MIMO–OFDM system, the current status of the achieved BER under varying SNR is reviewed and presented.