A Stochastic Power Network Calculus for Integrating Renewable Energy Sources into the Power Grid

Renewable energy such as solar and wind generation will constitute an important part of the future grid. As the availability of renewable sources may not match the load, energy storage is essential for grid stability. In this paper we investigate the feasibility of integrating solar photovoltaic (PV) panels and wind turbines into the grid by also accounting for energy storage. To deal with the fluctuation in both the power supply and demand, we extend and apply stochastic network calculus to analyze the power supply reliability with various renewable energy configurations. To illustrate the validity of the model, we conduct a case study for the integration of renewable energy sources into the power system of an island off the coast of Southern California. In particular, we asses the power supply reliability in terms of the average Fraction of Time that energy is Not-Served (FTNS).

[1]  Marina Thottan,et al.  Perspectives on router buffer sizing: recent results and open problems , 2009, CCRV.

[2]  Jie Li,et al.  On the model transform in stochastic network calculus , 2010, 2010 IEEE 18th International Workshop on Quality of Service (IWQoS).

[3]  Ziyad M. Salameh,et al.  Methodology for optimally sizing the combination of a battery bank and PV array in a wind/PV hybrid system , 1996 .

[4]  Florin Ciucu,et al.  On the scaling of non-asymptotic capacity in multi-access networks with bursty traffic , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory Proceedings.

[5]  Cacm Staff,et al.  BufferBloat , 2011, Communications of the ACM.

[6]  K. M. Chandy,et al.  Load-shedding probabilities with hybrid renewable power generation and energy storage , 2010, 2010 48th Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing (Allerton).

[7]  Salvina Gagliano,et al.  Hybrid solar/wind power system probabilistic modelling for long-term performance assessment , 2006 .

[8]  Kostas Kalaitzakis,et al.  Methodology for optimal sizing of stand-alone photovoltaic/wind-generator systems using genetic algorithms , 2006 .

[9]  Wei Zhou,et al.  OPTIMAL SIZING METHOD FOR STAND-ALONE HYBRID SOLAR–WIND SYSTEM WITH LPSP TECHNOLOGY BY USING GENETIC ALGORITHM , 2008 .

[10]  Kai Wang,et al.  Modeling and Analysis of a P2P-VoD System Based on Stochastic Network Calculus , 2012, MMB/DFT.

[11]  Reinhard German,et al.  Stochastic and deterministic performance evaluation of automotive CAN communication , 2009, Comput. Networks.

[12]  Florin Ciucu,et al.  End-to-end delay analysis for networks with partial assumptions of statistical independence: invited paper , 2009, VALUETOOLS.

[13]  A. Louche,et al.  Technical and economic assessment of hybrid photovoltaic/wind system with battery storage in Corsica island , 2008 .

[14]  Wolfram Koepf,et al.  Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS) , 2011 .

[15]  Christian Fraboul,et al.  A Probabilistic Analysis of End-To-End Delays on an AFDX Avionic Network , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[16]  Shahrokh Valaee,et al.  A System-Theoretic Approach to Bandwidth Estimation , 2008, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking.

[17]  Yuming Jiang,et al.  A temporal network calculus approach to service guarantee analysis of stochastic networks , 2011, VALUETOOLS.

[18]  Yang Hongxing,et al.  Computer aided design for PV/wind hybrid system , 2003, 3rd World Conference onPhotovoltaic Energy Conversion, 2003. Proceedings of.

[19]  Yong Liu,et al.  Stochastic Network Calculus , 2008 .

[20]  Wei Zhou,et al.  A novel optimization sizing model for hybrid solar-wind power generation system , 2007 .

[21]  Florin Ciucu,et al.  A network service curve approach for the stochastic analysis of networks , 2005, SIGMETRICS '05.

[22]  L Ralf,et al.  A Foundation for Stochastic Bandwidth Estimation of Networks with Random Service , 2011 .

[23]  Wilton R. Abbott,et al.  Network Calculus , 1970 .

[24]  Markus Fidler,et al.  An End-to-End Probabilistic Network Calculus with Moment Generating Functions , 2005, 200614th IEEE International Workshop on Quality of Service.

[25]  S. Wittevrongel,et al.  Queueing Systems , 2019, Introduction to Stochastic Processes and Simulation.

[26]  Guoqiang Hu,et al.  A calculus for information-driven networks , 2009, 2009 17th International Workshop on Quality of Service.

[27]  Rene L. Cruz,et al.  A calculus for network delay, Part I: Network elements in isolation , 1991, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[28]  Jean-Yves Le Boudec,et al.  A Demand-Response Calculus with Perfect Batteries , 2012, MMB/DFT.

[29]  Yuming Jiang,et al.  A stochastic calculus for network systems with renewable energy sources , 2011, 2012 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM Workshops.

[30]  Weijia Jia,et al.  Performance of Acyclic Stochastic Networks with Network Coding , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems.

[31]  Van Jacobson,et al.  BufferBloat: What’s Wrong with the Internet? , 2011, ACM Queue.

[32]  Bin Ai,et al.  Computer-aided design of PV/wind hybrid system , 2003 .

[33]  Edward A. Lee,et al.  Structure and interpretation of signals and systems , 2002 .

[34]  Kai Wang,et al.  How stochastic network calculus concepts help green the power grid , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm).

[35]  Wei Zhou,et al.  Current status of research on optimum sizing of stand-alone hybrid solar–wind power generation systems , 2010 .

[36]  Guido Appenzeller,et al.  Sizing router buffers , 2004, SIGCOMM '04.

[37]  Cheng-Shang Chang,et al.  Performance guarantees in communication networks , 2000, Eur. Trans. Telecommun..

[38]  Markus Fidler,et al.  Survey of deterministic and stochastic service curve models in the network calculus , 2009, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[39]  Chaiwat Oottamakorn,et al.  Statistical service assurances for traffic scheduling algorithms , 2000, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[40]  James F. Kurose,et al.  On computing per-session performance bounds in high-speed multi-hop computer networks , 1992, SIGMETRICS '92/PERFORMANCE '92.

[41]  Cheng-Shang Chang.  Stability, Queue Length and Delay, Part 11: Stochastic Queueing Networks , 1992 .

[42]  Moshe Sidi,et al.  Performance and stability of communication networks via robust exponential bounds , 1993, TNET.