Phytoremediation of textile effluents containing azo dye by using Phragmites australis in a vertical flow intermittent feeding constructed wetland

Abstract An azo dye, acid orange 7 (AO7), was selected to study the role of Phragmites australis (P. australis) peroxidases (POD) activity in its degradation in a vertical flow constructed wetland (VFCW). Crude plant extract was found to degrade AO7 and its aromatic amines, after 120 h in contact with H2O2, and removals of 3.2 – 5.7 m g AO 7 g P . a u s t r a l i s − 1 were obtained for 40 mgAO7 l−1 ( 8 m g AO 7 g P . a u s t r a l i s − 1 ). The VFCW was found to be suitable to treat an effluent containing an azo dye. For influent concentrations of 130 mgAO7 l−1 POD activity increased 2.1-, 4.3- and 12.9-fold for leaves, stems and roots, respectively. At 700 mgAO7 l−1, inhibition of POD activity occurred immediately, but it returned to the previous levels after only 2 days. An AO7 organic load of 21 up to 105 g COD m2 day−1, revealed non-toxicity, being expectable to achieve removals of 11 up to 67 g COD m2 day−1. Both [AO7] and TOC removal efficiencies were found to be similar (approximately 70%), which is indicative of AO7 mineralization. A 3 h cycle was found to be sufficient to degrade AO7 and a system buffering capacity from 5 to 25 min cycle−1 was demonstrated by flooding level control.

[1]  B. Araújo,et al.  Tolerance and metabolism of phenol and chloroderivatives by hairy root cultures of Daucus carota L. , 2002, Environmental pollution.

[2]  A. Eriş,et al.  Effect of heat stress on peroxidase activity and total protein content in strawberry plants , 2004 .

[3]  N. C. Veitch,et al.  Horseradish peroxidase: a modern view of a classic enzyme. , 2004, Phytochemistry.

[4]  Paul R. Cooper,et al.  A Review of the Design and Performance of Vertical-flow and Hybrid Reed Bed Treatment Systems , 1999 .

[5]  Hanqing Yu,et al.  Kinetic modeling of the radiolytic degradation of Acid Orange 7 in aqueous solutions. , 2005, Water research.

[6]  A. E. Greenberg,et al.  Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater : supplement to the sixteenth edition , 1988 .

[7]  Santiago Villaverde,et al.  Combined anaerobic-aerobic treatment of azo dyes--a short review of bioreactor studies. , 2005, Water research.

[8]  P. Bishop,et al.  Degradation of acid orange 7 in an aerobic biofilm. , 2002, Chemosphere.

[9]  T. Macek,et al.  Exploitation of plants for the removal of organics in environmental remediation. , 2000, Biotechnology advances.

[10]  T. Speaker,et al.  Water-based microsphere delivery system for proteins. , 2000, Journal of Pharmacy and Science.

[11]  L. Durrant,et al.  DECOLORIZATION OF AZO DYES BY PHANEROCHAETE CHRYSOSPORIUM AND PLEUROTUS SAJORCAJU , 2001 .

[12]  Patricia J. Harvey,et al.  Phytoremediation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons, anilines and phenols , 2002, Environmental science and pollution research international.

[13]  J. Glenn,et al.  Decolorization of Several Polymeric Dyes by the Lignin-Degrading Basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium , 1983, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[14]  Ana M Azevedo,et al.  Horseradish peroxidase: a valuable tool in biotechnology. , 2003, Biotechnology annual review.

[15]  Jeffrey Philip Obbard,et al.  Decolourisation of azo dyes by white-rot fungi (WRF) isolated in Singapore , 2003 .

[16]  G Langergraber.  Simulation of subsurface flow constructed wetlands--results and further research needs. , 2003, Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research.

[17]  P. Wangikar,et al.  Horseradish peroxidase catalyzed degradation of industrially important dyes. , 2001, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[18]  George Tchobanoglous,et al.  Wastewater Engineering Treatment Disposal Reuse , 1972 .

[19]  G. Feijoo,et al.  In vitro degradation of a polymeric dye (Poly R-478) by manganese peroxidase. , 2001, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[20]  R. Urek,et al.  Biodecolourization of Direct Blue 15 by immobilized Phanerochaete chrysosporium , 2005 .

[21]  A. Martins,et al.  COMPARISON OF ADVANCED PROCESSES ON THE OXIDATION OF ACID ORANGE 7 DYE , 2002, Journal of environmental science and health. Part A, Toxic/hazardous substances & environmental engineering.

[22]  S. Pflugmacher,et al.  Activity of phase I and phase II detoxication enzymes in different cormus parts of Phragmites australis. , 1999, Ecotoxicology and environmental safety.

[23]  G. Mckay,et al.  The removal of acid dye from effluent using natural adsorbents—II Wood , 1976 .

[24]  K. K. Prasad,et al.  Acid azo dye degradation by free and immobilized horseradish peroxidase (HRP) catalyzed process. , 2005, Chemosphere.

[25]  P. Cooper,et al.  Reed bed treatment systems for sewage treatment in the United Kingdom - the first 10 years’ experience , 1995 .

[26]  M. Pickard,et al.  Industrial Dye Decolorization by Laccases from Ligninolytic Fungi , 1999, Current Microbiology.

[27]  Sanjeev Chaudhari,et al.  Anaerobic decolorisation of simulated textile wastewater containing azo dyes. , 2002, Bioresource technology.

[28]  W. Armstrong,et al.  Phragmites australis: effects of shoot submergence on seedling growth and survival and radial oxygen loss from roots , 1999 .

[29]  U. Ahonen-Jonnarth,et al.  Urban polluted forest soils induce elevated root peroxidase activity in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings. , 2002, Environmental pollution.

[30]  H. Brix.  Do macrophytes play a role in constructed treatment wetlands , 1997 .

[31]  J. Schwitzguébel,et al.  Sulphonated aromatic pollutants , 2002, Environmental science and pollution research international.

[32]  C. Santos,et al.  In situ and in vitro senescence induced by KCl stress: nutritional imbalance, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant metabolism. , 2001, Journal of experimental botany.