Simulación y análisis de una prueba de choque de un automóvil tipo deportivo, utilizando un software basado en el método de los elementos finitos

This study aimed to simulation and analysis of a frontal crash test of a sporty type car using the finite element method, performed by Computerized Analysis Element (CAE) tools. First, conditions were established for the model, to represent a real crash. Then, through simulation, are determined deformations and stresses of the model states, and thus the conditions un-der which loading and restriction of movement, presumably, act during a frontal crash. In addition, we studied the most common automobile collisions focused on speed, angle of impact, struck the object and type of vehicle in order to compare the model behavior with that of similar vehicles. For the analysis, the software packet ABAQUS 6.5.4 of Abaqus inc., was used. Also, the geometries and design characteristics were digitalized using computeraided design tools (CAD). The model verification was based on available information, international safety regulations, photographs and videos of collisions of high and low speed of this type of car. Basically, due to the limited information for evaluation of the model tested, visual assessments were supported by the study of the strains and stresses occurring in the model. Once the test was completed, it was determined that low deformation of the carrier does not generate damage to passengers. The higher stretches do not exceed the limits of the material; therefore, do not lead to serious structural fault that could cause injuries to the vehicle passengers, which allow achieving the purpose of safeguard and protecting the occupants of the vehicle.