The Occurrence, Distribution and Control of Potato Cyst Nematodes in Lebanon

This survey was conducted in Akkar and Bekaa area (Lebanon) to determine the presence and distribution of the potato cyst nematode, Globodera spp. A total of 294 soil samples were collected from 32 different regions. The nematode counting in the soil samples from Akkar area revealed that 66 out of 217 samples (30.4%) contained cyst nematodes and 18 (8.3%) of the samples contained eggs. On the other hand, 77 soil samples collected from Bekaa contained cyst nematodes, 69 (89.6%) of which contained eggs. The level of infestation of nematodes was varying from one area to another. The highest level was detected in Akkar area from Klayaat with 2 eggs/1g soil and Tell Abass El Charqi with 1.7 eggs/1g soil, however, the lowest level of infection was detected in soil samples from Tell Biri (0.25 eggs/1g soil) and Abde (0.3 eggs/1g soil). The highest infection in Bekaa area was found in Khiara (5.4 eggs/1g soil) and Riak (5 eggs/1g soil). Eight different treatments using chopped plants were tested in pot experiments to assess their effect on potato cyst nematodes. The results showed that radish (Raphanus sativus) and zaatar (Thymbra spicata) treatments had total control of PCN whereas marigold (Tagetes patula) treatment reduced PCN population from 1.16 eggs/1g soil (Pi) to 0.15 eggs/1 g soil (Pf). The effect of the essential oils on the hatching of PCN was also examined. All pure essential oils (Azadirachta indica, Linen, Eucalyptus, Allium sativum and Salvia officinalis) had significant effect (P<0.05) on the hatching activity in comparison to the potato root diffusate (PRD). A. sativum had the greatest inhibitory effect reducing hatching to less than 0.9% at 5μl/ml followed by Eucalyptus which reduced hatching to 4.1% at 10μl/ml. Sage gave almost total inhibition a week after treatment at 10μl/ml.

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