The Effects of Hill Training To Improve the Speed of Under 17 Yr. Male and Female Athletics

INTRODUCTION Speed items commonly known as sprinting events have been on the agenda of the modern Olympic Games from the very beginning. Speed plays a vital role in all games and sports but it plays a very dominant role especially for the sprinters. For a sprinter to give good performance he must possess acceleration speed, sprinting speed, speed of movement and reaction time (Arlet, 1975). Earlier athletics did not adopt any sophisticated training means for the development of speed. In the competition the athlete exhibited whatever he gained through daily physical work and whatever speed characteristics he inherited from his parents. In ancient days the saying “Sprinters are never made they are born” used to carry might which is now being modified as sprinter in born with some inherited speed, but he can be shaped in to a better running skill as a result of scientific training ( Arlet, 1975). Each sprinter has individual speed dynamics shown in different combinations of stride frequency and stride length, acceleration capacity, ability to relax etc. These individualities depend largely on genetic differences, as well as physical development and training levels of an athlete. There is no doubt regarding the contribution of acceleration speed, sprinting speed and speed of movement to bring about better performance on the part of sprinters. A thorough analysis shows that results in most of the sports events are achieved by quickly accelerating the body which means the speed per unit time is increased as far as possible. Acceleration is concerned with the attainment of maximum speed in the shortest possible time (Tabaschnic and Sultanor, 1980)