Non-Interactive Differentially Anonymous Router

A recent work by Shi and Wu (Eurocrypt’21) suggested a new, non-interactive abstraction for anonymous routing, coined Non-Interactive Anonymous Router (NIAR). They show how to construct a NIAR scheme with succinct communication from bilinear groups. Unfortunately, the router needs to perform quadratic computation (in the number of senders/receivers) to perform each routing. In this paper, we show that if one is willing to relax the security notion to ( , δ)-differential privacy, henceforth also called ( , δ)-differential anonymity, then, a non-interactive construction exists with subquadratic router computation, also assuming standard hardness assumptions in bilinear groups. Morever, even when 1− 1/poly log n fraction of the senders are corrupt, we can attain strong privacy parameters where = O(1/poly log n) and δ = negl(n).

[1]  David Chaum,et al.  The dining cryptographers problem: Unconditional sender and recipient untraceability , 1988, Journal of Cryptology.

[2]  Pedro Moreno-Sanchez,et al.  P2P Mixing and Unlinkable Bitcoin Transactions , 2017, NDSS.

[3]  Paul Syverson,et al.  Onion Routing for Anonymous and Private Internet Connections , 1999 .

[4]  David Chaum,et al.  Untraceable electronic mail, return addresses, and digital pseudonyms , 1981, CACM.

[5]  Kamalika Chaudhuri,et al.  When Random Sampling Preserves Privacy , 2006, CRYPTO.

[6]  Nick Mathewson,et al.  Tor: The Second-Generation Onion Router , 2004, USENIX Security Symposium.

[7]  Benny Pinkas,et al.  Blinder: MPC Based Scalable and Robust Anonymous Committed Broadcast , 2020, IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch..

[8]  Salil P. Vadhan,et al.  The Complexity of Differential Privacy , 2017, Tutorials on the Foundations of Cryptography.

[9]  Rafail Ostrovsky,et al.  Private Anonymous Data Access , 2018, IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch..

[10]  Ethan Heilman,et al.  TumbleBit: An Untrusted Bitcoin-Compatible Anonymous Payment Hub , 2017, NDSS.

[11]  Benjamin E. Diamond.  Many-out-of-Many Proofs and Applications to Anonymous Zether , 2021, 2021 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP).

[12]  Nickolai Zeldovich,et al.  Vuvuzela: scalable private messaging resistant to traffic analysis , 2015, SOSP.

[13]  Jens Groth,et al.  Efficient Zero-Knowledge Argument for Correctness of a Shuffle , 2012, EUROCRYPT.

[14]  Cynthia Dwork,et al.  Calibrating Noise to Sensitivity in Private Data Analysis , 2006, TCC.

[15]  Amir Herzberg,et al.  Anonymous RAM , 2016, ESORICS.

[16]  Pedro Moreno-Sanchez,et al.  CoinShuffle: Practical Decentralized Coin Mixing for Bitcoin , 2014, ESORICS.

[17]  David Chaum,et al.  Blind Signatures for Untraceable Payments , 1982, CRYPTO.

[18]  Amos Fiat,et al.  Untraceable Electronic Cash , 1990, CRYPTO.

[19]  Steven Myers,et al.  ANONIZE: A Large-Scale Anonymous Survey System , 2014, 2014 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy.

[20]  Rafail Ostrovsky,et al.  Private information storage (extended abstract) , 1997, STOC '97.

[21]  Michael Backes,et al.  A Survey on Routing in Anonymous Communication Protocols , 2016, ACM Comput. Surv..

[22]  Antony I. T. Rowstron,et al.  Cashmere: resilient anonymous routing , 2005, NSDI.

[23]  Eli Ben-Sasson,et al.  Zerocash: Decentralized Anonymous Payments from Bitcoin , 2014, 2014 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy.

[24]  Elaine Shi,et al.  Non-Interactive Anonymous Router , 2021, IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch..

[25]  Nickolai Zeldovich,et al.  Karaoke: Distributed Private Messaging Immune to Passive Traffic Analysis , 2018, OSDI.

[26]  Raluca Ada Popa,et al.  Ghostor: Toward a Secure Data-Sharing System from Decentralized Trust , 2020, NSDI.

[27]  Aniket Kate,et al.  HoneyBadgerMPC and AsynchroMix: Practical Asynchronous MPC and its Application to Anonymous Communication , 2019, IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch..

[28]  Dan Boneh,et al.  Riposte: An Anonymous Messaging System Handling Millions of Users , 2015, 2015 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy.

[29]  Masayuki Abe,et al.  Mix-Networks on Permutation Networks , 1999, ASIACRYPT.

[30]  George Danezis,et al.  A Survey of Anonymous Communication Channels , 2008 .

[31]  Bülent Yener,et al.  On anonymity in an electronic society: A survey of anonymous communication systems , 2009, CSUR.

[32]  Yuval Ishai,et al.  Protecting data privacy in private information retrieval schemes , 1998, STOC '98.

[33]  Kalman Graffi,et al.  Batched Differentially Private Information Retrieval , 2020, IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch..

[34]  Aaron Roth,et al.  The Algorithmic Foundations of Differential Privacy , 2014, Found. Trends Theor. Comput. Sci..

[35]  Nickolai Zeldovich,et al.  Stadium: A Distributed Metadata-Private Messaging System , 2017, IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch..

[36]  Bryan Ford,et al.  Dissent: accountable anonymous group messaging , 2010, CCS '10.