Experimental investigation of performance, emission, and noise parameters of water-emulsified Karanja biodiesel: a prospective Indian fuel

India is one amongst the top five crude oil consumer of the world, and most of its oil demand is met by the import. Transportation sector shares the maximum diesel demand. An alternative renewable fuel is required to meet stringent emission norms and address rising traffic noise pollution. Biodiesel has shown potential as an alternative to diesel fuel. The emission of biodiesel was reported lower than the diesel fuel except NOx emission. The emulsion of water and diesel is considered as a method of reducing the NOx emission. In the present study, emulsion of water and Karanja Biodiesel, potential oil from Indian perspective, was prepared using the surfactants. Performance parameters, exhaust emissions, and, moreover, noise of engine fuelled with pure Karanja biodiesel, and its emulsion were investigated and compared with the pure diesel fuel. Experiments were conducted in four-cylinder diesel engine with varying loading conditions at constant RPM. Performance parameters investigated were BSFC and BTE. CO, HC, NOx, and smoke were investigated as emission parameters. Sound-pressure level was measured to assess the noise. The result showed that water-emulsified Karanja Biodiesel showed a significant reduction in NOx and smoke. The brake thermal efficiency was found slightly higher than the pure biodiesel and noise was lower than the pure diesel fuel.

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