Linking brain network reconfiguration and intelligence: Are we there yet?

Recent applications of dynamic network analyses to functional neuroimaging data have revealed relationships between a number of cognition conditions and the dynamic reconfiguration of brain networks. Here we critically review such applications of network neuroscience to intelligence. After providing an overview of network neuroscience, we center our discussion around the recently proposed Network Neuroscience Theory of Intelligence (Barbey, 2017). We evaluate and review existing empirical support for the theses made by this theory and argue that while studies strongly suggest their plausibility, evidence to date has largely been indirect. We propose avenues for future research to directly evaluate these theses by overcoming the methodological and analytical shortcomings of previous studies. In doing so, our goal is to stimulate future empirical investigations and present valuable ways forward in the network neuroscience of intelligence.