Early detection and diagnosis using deep learning

Abstract With the growth of technology in every sphere, an attempt of reducing the human effort and increasing the accuracy of the system is always focused, and with the introduction to artificial intelligence (AI), we have covered almost every single domain in real-world scenario. The applications of AI are endless, and its use has helped in transforming the daily life through different use cases; under it, some of the highlighted examples for which it is well known in every sphere are natural language processing, self-driving cars, image processing, and so on. As it covers different domains of each sector, it also plays a significant role in healthcare sector. Influencing the sector entirely, it focuses on the end number of things that are part of this sector. When it approaches our health, specifically in matter when life and death are involved, the potential of AI to advance the consequences is enthralling. According to a survey, it has found that AI, specifically deep learning (DL), has the power to replace the whole discipline of medicine and is able to generate new characters for doctors called as information specialists. DL compromises substantial potential for medical diagnostics. There were times when detecting diseases was a tough task, but now with DL at rescue, diseases can be not only cured but also predicted at earlier stages. Chronic diseases such as Alzhiemer's disease, cancer, tumor, and much more can only be predicted by the advanced DL methods of prediction. Medical image processing plays a major role in detection and pinpointing of the exact problem it is leading to. The systems developed are smart enough to learn through the real cases and train the model as per the requirement, leading to the better prediction, detection, or providing with the methods of curing. Not only early-stage diagnosis is focused, but AI-assisted surgeries have also started taking place and AI-assisted nurses are also deployed for each patient to reduce the chances of errors. Mostly every problem of the healthcare sector whether it is administrative or medical or technical is majorly solved or falls under the category of DL, and many more researches related to this are under process. This chapter will help in determining how DL helps in the early diagnosis of several diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, rheumatic diseases, autism spectrum disorder, and more. After expanding upon the basics of DL and biomedical engineering, this chapter explores more upon diagnostics using DL and discusses the early diagnosis of certain diseases.

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