Two-Dimensional Implicit Thermal Response and Ablation Program for Charring Materials
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The TITANprogramforpredicting charringmaterial ablationand shapechangeof thermal protectionmaterials is presented. The governing equations include energy conservation and a three-component decomposition model. The surface energy balance condition is solved with a moving grid to calculate the shape change due to surface recession. The governing equations are discretized with a nite volume approximation with a general body- tted coordinate system. A time-accurate solution is achieved by an implicit time-marching techniquewith Gauss–Seidel line relaxationwith alternating sweeps. Benchmark solutionsare calculated and comparedwith availablesolutions to check code consistency and accuracy. For fully coupled solid– uid simulation, this technique has been directly integrated with both a high- delity Navier–Stokes solver and an aerothermal ow eld engineering correlation code. Representative computations, including a slender hypersonic reentry vehicle and a at-faced cylinder model in an arcjet test, are presented and discussed in detail.
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