Realization of a carbon nanotube based electrochemical fractor

A fractor or a fractional order element should show a constant phase (CP), between ±90° (except 0°) at any frequency, theoretically. However, all the practical realization of single component fractor have limitation in their CP zone. Not many single-component-fractors have been reported having CP zone more than a decade. In this work, new electrochemical type fractors have been developed, by coating a polymer-carbon nanotube (CNT) composite over Cu clad epoxy block and putting the block in polarizing solution. By varying the percentage of CNT in polymer-CNT composite and the nature of polarizing solution, two different types of fractor have been realized. One is a wide-band fractor having CP zone of five decades (20 Hz to 2 MHz) with a ripple of ±2° only. The other one shows two distinct CP zones at two different phase angles. Each zone is about two decade long. These fractors will help to realize fractional order circuits which need to be operated in wide frequency band.

[1]  K. Biswas,et al.  Performance study of fractional order integrator using single-component fractional order element , 2011, IET Circuits Devices Syst..

[2]  G. Ablart,et al.  Influence of the electrical parameters on the input impedance of a fractal structure realised on silicon , 2005 .

[3]  Khaled N. Salama,et al.  Passive and Active Elements Using Fractional Circuit , 2011 .

[4]  Chien-Cheng Tseng,et al.  Design of FIR and IIR fractional order Simpson digital integrators , 2007, Signal Process..

[5]  Alain Oustaloup,et al.  Frequency-band complex noninteger differentiator: characterization and synthesis , 2000 .

[6]  K. B. Oldham,et al.  Analogue instrumentation for processing polarographic data , 1983 .

[7]  S. Westerlund,et al.  Capacitor theory , 1994 .

[8]  Shubhi Purwar,et al.  To design optimally tuned FOPID controller for twin rotor MIMO system , 2014, 2014 Students Conference on Engineering and Systems.

[9]  Debasmita Mondal,et al.  Experimental studies on realization of fractional inductors and fractional‐order bandpass filters , 2015, Int. J. Circuit Theory Appl..

[10]  I. Podlubny,et al.  Analogue Realizations of Fractional-Order Controllers , 2002 .

[11]  Khaled N. Salama,et al.  Passive and Active Elements Using Fractional ${\rm L}_{\beta} {\rm C}_{\alpha}$ Circuit , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers.

[12]  Khaled N. Salama,et al.  Microscale electrostatic fractional capacitors using reduced graphene oxide percolated polymer composites , 2013 .

[13]  Suman Saha,et al.  Design of a Fractional Order Phase Shaper for Iso-Damped Control of a PHWR Under Step-Back Condition , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science.

[14]  Isabel S. Jesus,et al.  Development of fractional order capacitors based on electrolyte processes , 2009 .

[15]  Karabi Biswas,et al.  Realization of a Constant Phase Element and Its Performance Study in a Differentiator Circuit , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs.

[16]  Debasmita Mondal,et al.  Design and performance study of phase‐locked loop using fractional‐order loop filter , 2015, Int. J. Circuit Theory Appl..

[17]  D. Sierociuk,et al.  Improved fractional Kalman filter for variable order systems , 2014 .

[18]  Castilla-La Mancha,et al.  Robust Fractional-Order PI Controller Implemented on a Laboratory Hydraulic Canal , 2009 .

[19]  S. Roy.  On the Realization of a Constant-Argument Immittance or Fractional Operator , 1967, IEEE Transactions on Circuit Theory.

[20]  Igor Podlubny,et al.  Fractional-order systems and PI/sup /spl lambda//D/sup /spl mu//-controllers , 1999 .

[21]  Necati Özdemir,et al.  Fractional Order Control of Fractional Diffusion Systems Subject to Input Hysteresis , 2010 .

[22]  Juraj Valsa,et al.  Conceptual design of a selectable fractional-order differentiator for industrial applications , 2014 .

[23]  R. Caponetto,et al.  Experimental Characterization of Ionic Polymer Metal Composite as a Novel Fractional Order Element , 2013 .

[24]  K. Salama,et al.  Theory of Fractional Order Elements Based Impedance Matching Networks , 2011, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters.

[25]  A. Elwakil,et al.  Design equations for fractional-order sinusoidal oscillators: Four practical circuit examples , 2008 .

[26]  G. Bohannan.  Analog Fractional Order Controller in Temperature and Motor Control Applications , 2008 .

[27]  M. Darouach,et al.  Design of functional fractional-order observers for linear time-delay fractional-order systems in the time domain , 2014, ICFDA'14 International Conference on Fractional Differentiation and Its Applications 2014.

[28]  I. Podlubny.  Fractional-order systems and PIλDμ-controllers , 1999, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control..

[29]  Karabi Biswas,et al.  A Design Example of a Fractional-Order Kerwin–Huelsman–Newcomb Biquad Filter with Two Fractional Capacitors of Different Order , 2013, Circuits Syst. Signal Process..