'You've got to keep looking, looking, looking': Craft thinking and authenticity

This article outlines the foundations of an enquiry into the relationship between craft and authenticity. It provides a description of how authenticity is evolving as a philosophical concept, and what this might mean for claiming an authentic contemporary practice. It then illustrates an inconsistency in schematic analyses of craft and design thinking, which may be a barrier to the appraisal of craft as a form of 'authentic' cognition. The author's personal evolution of visual conceptualizations of craft thinking is revealed through an enquiry into a decade of a digital craft practice reflexively differentiated from Human-Computer Interaction, Interaction Design and Product Design. A novel framework is proposed for situating authenticity in craft in line with relational philosophy, comprising individual, social and ecological forms of practice, and the framework is applied to a recent multidisciplinary digital craft project. Further research into craft thinking using schematics is recommended.

[1]  Donald A. Sch The reflective practitioner: how professionals think in action , 1983 .

[2]  François Victor Tochon,et al.  When authentic experiences are “enminded” into disciplinary genres: crossing biographic and situated knowledge ☆ , 2000 .

[3]  Sarah Kettley,et al.  Reflections on the heuristic experiences of a multidisciplinary team trying to bring the PCA to participatory design (with emphasis on the IPR method) , 2015, UbiComp/ISWC Adjunct.

[4]  Elizabeth B.-N. Sanders,et al.  From user-centered to participatory design approaches , 2002 .

[5]  Sarah Kettley,et al.  The foundations of craft: A suggested protocol for introducing craft to other disciplines , 2012 .

[6]  Nigel Cross,et al.  Design Thinking: Understanding How Designers Think and Work , 2011 .

[7]  Mick Cooper,et al.  Relational Depth: New Perspectives and Developments , 2012 .

[8]  Nithikul Nimkulrat,et al.  Hands-on intellect: integrating craft practice into design research , 2012 .

[9]  John Law,et al.  Making a mess with method , 2007 .

[10]  M. Polanyi,et al.  Knowing and being : essays , 1969 .

[11]  Deborah A. Rahilly A Phenomenological Analysis of Authentic Experience , 1993 .

[12]  D. Schoen The Reflective Practitioner , 1983 .

[13]  C. Guignon,et al.  On Being Authentic , 2004 .

[14]  Marsha Meskimmon,et al.  Breaking the Disciplines: Reconceptions in Knowledge, Art, and Culture , 2003 .

[15]  Andrew Ellis Benjamin,et al.  Towards a Relational Ontology: Philosophy's Other Possibility , 2015 .

[16]  Clark E. Moustakas,et al.  Heuristic research: design, methodology, and applications , 1991, Choice Reviews Online.

[17]  Alessandro Ferrara,et al.  Reflective Authenticity: Rethinking the Project of Modernity , 1998 .

[18]  Jayne Wallace,et al.  Making sense: using an experimental tool to explore the communication of jewellery , 2003 .

[19]  N. Coupland Sociolinguistic authenticities : Sociolinguistics and authenticity: an elephant in the room , 2003 .

[20]  P H Bailey,et al.  Field Notes and Theoretical Memos in Grounded Theory , 2007, Western journal of nursing research.

[21]  Anne Louise Bang Facilitated Articulation of Implicit Knowledge in Textile Design , 2009 .

[22]  Peter Dormer The culture of craft : status and future , 1997 .

[23]  Alain Findeli Rethinking Design Education for the 21st Century: Theoretical, Methodological, and Ethical Discussion , 2001, Design Issues.

[24]  Mike Molesworth,et al.  ‘Just normal and homely’: The presence, absence and othering of consumer culture in everyday imagining , 2011 .

[25]  A Briggs-Goode,et al.  An internet of soft things , 2015 .

[26]  Tim Ingold,et al.  Bringing Things Back to Life: Creative Entanglements in a World of Materials , 2010 .

[27]  C. Rogers,et al.  A Way of Being , 1967 .

[28]  Katherine Townsend,et al.  Designing Craft Research: Joining Emotion and Knowledge , 2014 .

[29]  Austin Henderson,et al.  Interaction design: beyond human-computer interaction , 2002, UBIQ.

[30]  Jacob Golomb,et al.  In search of authenticity : from Kierkegaard to Camus , 1995 .

[31]  Ann Marie Shillito,et al.  Digital Crafts: Industrial Technologies for Applied Artists and Designer Makers , 2013 .

[32]  Pieter Jan Stappers,et al.  Co-creation and the new landscapes of design , 2008 .

[33]  E. Hutchins Cognition in the wild , 1995 .

[34]  Susan Holmes,et al.  Methodological and ethical considerations in designing an Internet study of quality of life: a discussion paper. , 2009, International journal of nursing studies.

[35]  Sarah Kettley,et al.  Crafting the wearable computer : design process and user experience , 2007 .

[36]  M. Csíkszentmihályi Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience , 1990 .

[37]  Louise Embleton Tudor,et al.  The Person-Centred Approach: A Contemporary Introduction , 2004 .

[38]  Ulrich Lehmann Making as Knowing: Epistemology and Technique in Craft , 2012 .

[39]  Terry Irwin,et al.  Transition Design: A Proposal for a New Area of Design Practice, Study, and Research , 2015 .

[40]  David A. Kirby,et al.  Changing the Entrepreneurship Education Paradigm , 2007 .

[41]  N. Kagan,et al.  Interpersonal process recall: Influencing human interaction. , 1997 .

[42]  Kendra J. Evans,et al.  Relational-centred research for psychotherapists : exploring meanings and experience , 2009 .

[43]  U. Eco The Open Work , 1989 .

[44]  W. John Morgan,et al.  Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908–1961) – dialogue as being present to the other , 2017 .

[45]  Janine Barker The Real Thing: Essays on Making in the Modern World , 2017 .

[46]  Yvonne Rogers,et al.  Interaction Design: Beyond Human-Computer Interaction , 2002 .

[47]  Ronald Christ,et al.  Sincerity and Authenticity , 1972 .