Understanding the Mentoring Process between Adolescents and Adults

The popularity of mentoring programs for disadvantaged youth is on the rise, but little is known about the processes that underpin successful mentoring relationships. In-depth semistructured interviews were conducted with adolescent and adult pairs who had been in a continuous mentoring relationship for a minimum of 1 year. Using relational theories as the guiding framework, this study examined four relational processes, which are detailed in this article: authenticity, empathy, collaboration, and companionship.

[1]  S. Heath,et al.  Ways with Words: Language, Life and Work in Communities and Classrooms , 1985 .

[2]  Renée Spencer,et al.  On the Listening Guide: A voice-centered relational method. , 2003 .

[3]  James A. Holstein,et al.  Interviewing Children and Adolescents , 2003 .

[4]  M. Engle Book Review: Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook (2nd Ed.) , 1999 .

[5]  John C. Norcross,et al.  Psychotherapy relationships that work : therapist contributions and responsiveness to patients , 2002 .

[6]  J. Miller,et al.  Toward a new psychology of women , 1976 .

[7]  James A. Holstein,et al.  Race, Subjectivity, and the Interview Process , 2003 .

[8]  Nancy C.A. Roeske,et al.  Toward a New Psychology of Women , 1977 .

[9]  N. Way Everyday Courage: The Lives and Stories of Urban Teenagers. Qualitative Studies in Psychology. , 1998 .

[10]  Madonna G. Constantine,et al.  Predictors of Satisfaction with Counseling: Racial and Ethnic Minority Clients' Attitudes toward Counseling and Ratings of Their Counselors' General and Multicultural Counseling Competence. , 2002 .

[11]  Claude M. Steele,et al.  A Barrier of Mistrust: How Negative Stereotypes Affect Cross-Race Mentoring , 2002 .

[12]  K. Rook,et al.  Social Support Measurement and Interventions , 2000 .

[13]  K. Hurrelmann,et al.  Social networks and social support in childhood and adolescence , 1994 .

[14]  B. Rogoff Apprenticeship in Thinking: Cognitive Development in Social Context , 1990 .

[15]  Nancy A. Gonzales,et al.  6. Social Support During Adolescence: Methodological and Theoretical Considerations , 1994 .

[16]  Freddy A. Paniagua,et al.  Stand By Me: The Risks and Rewards of Mentoring Today's Youth , 2003 .

[17]  P. Scales,et al.  Extended Family Members and Unrelated Adults in the Lives of Young Adolescents , 1996 .

[18]  Barry Bozeman Handbook of Interview Research: Context and Method , 2003 .

[19]  D. DuBois,et al.  Mentoring relationships for youth: Investigation of a process-oriented model , 2002 .

[20]  C. Trevarthen Intrinsic motives for companionship in understanding: Their origin, development, and significance for infant mental health , 2001 .

[21]  R. Hayward Empathy , 1971, The Lancet.

[22]  Matthew B. Miles,et al.  Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook , 1994 .

[23]  Renée Spencer Studying relationships in psychotherapy: an untapped resource for youth mentoring. , 2004, New directions for youth development.

[24]  J. Jordan The role of mutual empathy in relational/cultural therapy. , 2000, Journal of clinical psychology.

[25]  Benjamin H. Gottlieb,et al.  Social support measurement and intervention: A guide for health and social scientists. , 2000 .

[26]  N. Darling,et al.  Relationships Outside the Family: Unrelated Adults , 2008 .

[27]  K. Wells,et al.  Interviewing in Qualitative Research , 2018 .

[28]  J. Rhodes,et al.  The Test of Time: Predictors and Effects of Duration in Youth Mentoring Relationships , 2002, American journal of community psychology.

[29]  I. Sarason,et al.  Ongoing Aspects of Relationships and Health Outcomes: Social Support, Social Control, Companionship, and Relationship Meaning , 2001 .

[30]  Amy K. Rajala,et al.  An Outcome Evaluation of across Ages , 1996 .

[31]  D. DuBois,et al.  Youth mentoring: Investigation of relationship characteristics and perceived benefits , 1997 .

[32]  J. Rhodes,et al.  Volunteer Mentoring Relationships With Minority Youth: An Analysis of Same‐ Versus Cross‐Race Matches1 , 2002 .

[33]  Helen R. Beiser,et al.  Meeting at the Crossroads: Women's Psychology and Girls' Development , 1993 .

[34]  E. Tronick Emotional Connections and Dyadic Consciousness in Infant-Mother and Patient-Therapist Interactions: Commentary on Paper by Frank M. Lachmann , 2001 .

[35]  Madonna G. Constantine,et al.  Social Desirability Attitudes, Sex, and Affective and Cognitive Empathy as Predictors of Self-Reported Multicultural Counseling Competence , 2000 .

[36]  Joshua Aronson Improving academic achievement: Impact of psychological factors on education , 2002 .

[37]  Jeffrey C. Valentine,et al.  Effectiveness of Mentoring Programs for Youth: A Meta-Analytic Review , 2002, American journal of community psychology.

[38]  Catherine A. Taylor,et al.  Mentoring College-Age Women: A Relational Approach , 2002, American journal of community psychology.