Long-Term Effects of Preschool Teachers' Book Readings on Low-Income Children's Vocabulary and Story Comprehension.

Long-term effects of preschool teachers' book reading on low-income children's vocabulary and story comprehension THE AUTHORS examined patterns of talk about books in 25 classrooms serving 4-year-old low-income children and studied relationships between these book-reading experiences and children's vocabulary growth and story understanding. Videotapes of teacherchild interactions during book-reading sessions were coded. Cluster analysis revealed three distinct patterns of reading books: (a) coconstructive, in which teachers and children engage in extended, cognitively challenging conversations; (b) didactic-interactional, in which children respond to questions about factual details and produce portions of the text in chorus; and (c) performance-oriented, in which the text is read with selective, limited discussion and the reading is followed by extended discussion. One year after the book readings children were given tests of vocabulary (PPVT-R) and story understanding skill. Regression analyses using wholistic descriptions of book-reading approach revealed larger gains by children in the performance-oriented classrooms than by those in the didactic-interactional rooms. Regression analyses done at the utterance level revealed strong effects of child-involved analytic talk on vocabulary (adjusted R2 = .51) and modest effects on story understanding (adjusted R2 = .25). Les effets de la lecture de livres 4 l'cole maternelle LES AUTEURS ont examine la structure des c et c) une structure orient6e ers la performance, dans laquelle on lit le texte avec une discussion selective et limit&e et en faisant suivre la lecture d'une longue discussion. Un an plus tard ces lectures de livres, les enfants ont asse des tests de vocabulaire (PPVT-R) et de comprehension du recit. Les analyses de regression utilisant des descriptions generales de la d6marche de lecture des livres ont fait apparaitre des benffice plus importants pour les enfants des classes orientees ve s la performance que pour les classes interactives-didactiques. Les analyses de regression faites au niveau des &changes verbaux ont fait apparaitre des effets importants du discours analytique impliquant lenfant sur le vocabulaire (RI ajust6 = .51) et des effets modestes sur la comprehension du recit (R' ajuste = .25). Los efectos a largo plazo de la prdctica docente de lectura de libros en el vocabulario y la comprensi6n de nifos de sectores depocos recursos LOS AUTORES examinaron patrones de conversaciones sobre libros en 25 aulas de jardin de nifios de pocos recursos y estudiaron las relaciones entre estas experiencias de lectura y el desarrollo del vocabulario en los nihos y la comprensi6n de narraciones. Se filmaron videos de las interacciones maestro-niflo durante las sesiones de lectura. El agrupamiento de los datos revel6 tres patrones distintos de lectura de libros: (a) co-constructivo, en el cual los maestros y los nifios mantienen conversaciones extensas y estimulantes desde el punto de vista cognitivo, (b) didicticointeractivo, en el cual los nifios responden a preguntas acerca de detalles ficticos y repiten a coro porciones del texto y, (c) orientado hacia el desempefio, en el cual durante la lectura del texto se discut selectiva y limitadamente y luego de la lectura se produce na extensa scusi6n. Un afio despues de las experiencias de lectura, se administraron pruebas de vocabulario (PPVT-R) y de comprensi6n de narraciones. Los anilisis de regresi6n, usando descripciones holisticas de la experiencia de lectura, revelaron mayores avances en los nifios de las aulas en las que el patr6n fue del tipo o ientado hacia el desempefio, que en los de las aulas en donde se ob erv6 el patron didActico-interactivo. Los analisis de regresi6n, realizados en el nivel de la emisi6n, revelaron efectos fuertes de la producci6n verbal analitica de los nifios sobre el vocabulario (R' ajustad = .51) y efectos moderados sobre la comprensi6n de narciones (R2 ajustado = .25). Langzeitwirkungen des Lesenlernens im Vorschulalter auf das Vokabular von Kindern aus armen Verbilltnissen DIE AUTOREN analysierten Strukturen des Sprechens Oiber BOcher in 25 Schulklassen im Hinblick auf vierjAhrige Kinder von Eltem mit niedrigem Einkommen und untersuchten Beziehungen zwischen diesen Bucherfahrungen und dem Zuwachs des kindlichen Vokabelschatzes bzw. dem Verstehen von Geschichten. Videoaufzeichnungen von Lehrer-Kind-Interaktionen wihrend der Lesesitzungen wurden codiert. Die Gruppenanalyse erwies drei verschiedene Lesemuster: (a) ein konstruktives, das durch ausftihrliche, anspruchsvolle Gespriche zwischen Lehrer und Schtiler gekennzeichnet war, (b) ein didaktisch-interaktionelles, bei dem die Kinder auf Fragen nach Faktendetails antworteten und Textteile im Chor produzierten, und (c) ein performanzorientiertes, bei dem der Text mit ausgewihlten und begrenzten Diskussionspunkten erschlossen und die Lektire von ausftihrlicher Diskussion begleitet wird. Ein Jahr piter wurden das Vokabular (PPVT-R) und die Fihigkeit des Geschichtenverstehens getestet. Analysen mit holistischer B schreibung der Buchlektiire wiesen bei Kindem der performanzorientierten Klassen gr6lere Erfolge auf als bei denjeinigen in didaktisch-interaktionalen Klassen. Auf der iuferungsebene zeigten sich starke Effekte hinsichtlich der analytischen Anteile des Gesprichs (R2= .51) und leichtere Effekte auf das Geschichtenverstehen

[1]  Nancy Karweit,et al.  The Effects of a Story-Reading Program on the Vocabulary and Story Comprehension Skills of Disadvantaged Prekindergarten and Kindergarten Students , 1989 .

[2]  Elizabeth F. Pemberton,et al.  Language facilitation through stories: recasting and modelling , 1987 .

[3]  Dolores Durkin,et al.  A Six Year Study of Children Who Learned to Read in School at the Age of Four. , 1974 .

[4]  Lesley Mandel Morrow,et al.  The Effects of Group Size on Interactive Storybook Reading. , 1990 .

[5]  L. Morrow Young children's responses to one-to-one story readings in school settings. , 1988 .

[6]  W. Elley Vocabulary acquisition from listening to stories. , 1989 .

[7]  P. David Pearson Handbook of reading research. , 1990 .

[8]  S. Heath Ways with Words: Language, Life and Work in Communities and Classrooms , 1983 .

[9]  Francis Mangubhai,et al.  The impact of reading on second language learning. , 1983 .

[10]  Elizabeth Sulzby,et al.  Children's emergent reading of favorite storybooks: A developmental study. , 1985 .

[11]  David K. Dickinson,et al.  First impressions: Children’s knowledge of words gained from a single exposure , 1984, Applied Psycholinguistics.

[12]  E. Ferreiro,et al.  Literacy before schooling , 1982 .

[13]  G. Whitehurst,et al.  Accelerating Language Development through Picture Book Reading. , 1988 .

[14]  Carol L. Chomsky,et al.  Reading, Writing, and Phonology , 1970 .

[15]  C. Snow Literacy and Language: Relationships during the Preschool Years , 1983 .

[16]  Courtney B. Cazden,et al.  Classroom Discourse: The Language of Teaching and Learning. Second Edition. , 2001 .

[17]  Jeanne M. De Temple,et al.  Language processing in bilingual children: Giving formal definitions: a linguistic or metalinguistic skill? , 1991 .

[18]  Rita Watson,et al.  Literate discourse and cognitive organization: Some relations between parents' talk and 3-year-olds' thought , 1989, Applied Psycholinguistics.

[19]  S. Carey The child as word learner , 1978 .

[20]  G. Whitehurst,et al.  Accelerating language development through picture book reading: A systematic extension to Mexican day care. , 1992 .

[21]  M L Rice,et al.  Lessons from television: children's word learning when viewing. , 1988, Child development.

[22]  David K. Dickinson,et al.  Talking and listening that support early literacy development of children from low-income families. , 1994 .

[23]  Anat Ninio,et al.  The achievement and antecedents of labelling , 1978, Journal of Child Language.

[24]  Jana M. Mason,et al.  A Review of Emergent Literacy with Implications for Research and Practice in Reading. Technical Report No. 379. , 1986 .

[25]  J. Chall Stages of reading development , 1983 .

[26]  L. Morrow Reading Stories to Young Children: Effects of Story Structure and Traditional Questioning Strategies on Comprehension , 1984 .

[27]  David K. Dickinson,et al.  Variation in preschool teachers' styles of reading books. , 1989 .

[28]  Shirley Brice Heath,et al.  What no bedtime story means: Narrative skills at home and school , 1982, Language in Society.

[29]  S. Jacobs Narrative, Literacy and Face in Interethnic Communication , 1981 .

[30]  Catherine E. Snow,et al.  Interrelationships among Prereading and Oral Language Skills in Kindergartners from Two Social Classes. , 1987 .

[31]  David R. Olson,et al.  The Cognitive Consequences of Literacy , 1986 .

[32]  Steven A. Stahl,et al.  The Effects of Vocabulary Instruction: A Model-Based Meta-Analysis , 1986 .

[33]  Marilyn Cochran-Smith,et al.  The making of a reader , 1984 .

[34]  Miriam Martinez,et al.  Teacher Storybook Reading Style: A Comparison of Six Teachers , 1993, Research in the Teaching of English.