En el articulo se discute el papel de la energia hidroelectrica en el marco del sistema electrico espanol, donde existe una elevada penetracion de energias no gestionables con una tendencia clara a aumentar en los proximos anos. El desarrollo
de nuevas centrales hidroelectricas se basara probablemente
en centrales reversibles. La energia hidroelectrica es una
tecnologia madura y eficiente para el almacenamiento
de energia a gran escala y contribuye por tanto de
manera decisiva a la integracion de fuentes renovables no
gestionables. Los beneficios obtenidos con la operacion
punta-valle pueden ser insuficientes para compensar el
coste de una nueva central. Sin embargo, los ingresos
obtenidos pueden incrementarse sustancialmente mediante
su participacion en los servicios de ajuste del sistema. Ello
requeriria un diseno apropiado del mercado electrico. La
contribucion de las centrales hidraulicas reversibles al balance produccion-consumo puede extenderse a las horas valle utilizando, bien bombeo en velocidad variable o bien una
configuracion de cortocircuito hidraulico. La necesidad de
mitigar los efectos hidrologicos aguas abajo de las centrales
hidroelectricas puede introducir algunas restricciones en
la operacion que limitaria de algun modo los servicios
descritos mas arriba. Sin embargo, cabe esperar que los
efectos ambientales provocados por las centrales hidraulicas
reversibles sean significativamente menores. In this paper the role of hydropower in electric power
systems is discussed, in the framework of the Spanish
system, where a high penetration of intermittent power
sources exists, showing a clear trend to increase in next
years. The development of new hydro power facilities
will be likely based on pumped storage hydro power
plants. Hydropower is a mature and efficient technology
for large-scale energy storage and therefore represents
a key contribution for the integration of intermittent
power sources, such as wind or photovoltaic. The
benefits obtained from load shifting may be insufficient
to compensate the costs of a new plant. However, the
obtained revenues can significantly increase through its
contribution to providing ancillary services. This would
require an appropriate design of the electricity market.
The contribution of pumped storage hydro power plants
to balancing services can be extended to off-peak hours,
using either variable speed pumping or the hydraulic shortcircuit
configuration. The need to mitigate hydrological
effects downstream of hydro plants may introduce some
operational constraints which could limit to some extent
the services described above. However environmental
effects caused by pumped storage hydro power plants are
expected to be significantly smaller.
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