Detection and characterisation of papillomavirus in skin lesions of giraffe and sable antelope in South Africa.

Papillomavirus was detected electron microscopically in cutaneous fibropapillomas of a giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) and a sable antelope (Hippotragus niger). The virus particles measured 45 nm in diameter. Histopathologically, the lesions showed histopathological features similar to those of equine sarcoid as well as positive immunoperoxidase-staining of tissue sections for papillomavirus antigen. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detected bovine papillomavirus (BPV) DNA. Bovine papillomavirus-1 was characterised by real-time PCR in the sable and giraffe, and cloning and sequencing of the PCR product revealed a similarity to BPV-1. As in the 1st giraffe, the lesions from a 2nd giraffe revealed locally malignant pleomorphism, possibly indicating the lesional end-point of papilloma infection. Neither virus particles nor positively staining papillomavirus antigen could be demonstrated in the 2nd giraffe but papillomavirus DNA was detected by real-time PCR which corresponded with BPV-1 and BPV-2.

[1]  E. Lane,et al.  Pathology and immunohistochemistry of papillomavirus-associated cutaneous lesions in Cape mountain zebra, giraffe, sable antelope and African buffalo in South Africa. , 2011, Journal of the South African Veterinary Association.

[2]  O. Paciello,et al.  Bovine Papillomavirus Type 1 DNA and E5 Oncoprotein Expression in Water Buffalo Fibropapillomas , 2009, Veterinary pathology.

[3]  E. Venter,et al.  Detection of bovine papillomavirus DNA in sarcoid-affected and healthy free-roaming zebra (Equus zebra) populations in South Africa. , 2009, Journal of virological methods.

[4]  L. Nasir,et al.  Identification and functional analysis of sequence variants in the long control region and the E2 open reading frame of bovine papillomavirus type 1 isolated from equine sarcoids. , 2007, Virology.

[5]  L. Nasir,et al.  Detection of bovine papillomavirus type 1 genomes and viral gene expression in equine inflammatory skin conditions. , 2007, Virus research.

[6]  N. McMillan,et al.  Papillomavirus in healthy skin of Australian animals. , 2006, The Journal of general virology.

[7]  L. Nasir,et al.  Bovine papillomaviruses and equine sarcoids. , 2006 .

[8]  M. Campo,et al.  Papillomavirus research: from natural history to vaccines and beyond. , 2006 .

[9]  D. Knottenbelt.  A Suggested Clinical Classification for the Equine Sarcoid , 2005 .

[10]  A. Alfieri,et al.  Semi-nested PCR for detection and typing of bovine Papillomavirus type 2 in urinary bladder and whole blood from cattle with enzootic haematuria. , 2005, Journal of virological methods.

[11]  D. Antczak,et al.  DNA of bovine papillomavirus type 1 and 2 in equine sarcoids: PCR detection and direct sequencing , 2005, Archives of Virology.

[12]  L. Carmichael,et al.  Characterization of BPV-like DNA in equine sarcoids , 2005, Archives of Virology.

[13]  Sudhir Kumar,et al.  MEGA3: Integrated software for Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis and sequence alignment , 2004, Briefings Bioinform..

[14]  A. Latorraca,et al.  An Apparent Outbreak of Cutaneous Papillomatosis in Merino Sheep in Patagonia, Argentina , 2004, Veterinary Research Communications.

[15]  S. Reid,et al.  Sequence variants of bovine papillomavirus E5 detected in equine sarcoids. , 2003, Virus research.

[16]  F. Y. Schulman,et al.  Camelid Mucoutaneous Fibropapillomas: Clinicopathologic Findings and Association with Papillomavirus , 2003, Veterinary pathology.

[17]  M. Campo,et al.  Animal models of papillomavirus pathogenesis. , 2002, Virus research.

[18]  S. Griffey,et al.  Bovine papillomavirus DNA in neoplastic and nonneoplastic tissues obtained from horses with and without sarcoids in the western United States. , 2001, American journal of veterinary research.

[19]  F. Y. Schulman,et al.  Feline Cutaneous Fibropapillomas: Clinicopathologic Findings and Association with Papillomavirus Infection , 2001, Veterinary pathology.

[20]  M. Van Ranst,et al.  Feline Papillomas and Papillomaviruses , 2000, Veterinary pathology.

[21]  Kathryn F. Beal,et al.  The Staden package, 1998. , 2000, Methods in molecular biology.

[22]  M. Campo.  Bovine papillomavirus and cancer. , 1997, Veterinary journal.

[23]  L. Scobie,et al.  Viral proteins of bovine papillomavirus type 4 during the development of alimentary canal tumours. , 1997, Veterinary journal.

[24]  S. Reid,et al.  Detection, cloning and characterisation of papillomaviral DNA present in sarcoid tumours of Equus asinus , 1994, Veterinary Record.

[25]  H. Bernard.  Coevolution of papiliomaviruses with human populations , 1994 .

[26]  H. Bernard.  Coevolution of papillomaviruses with human populations. , 1994, Trends in microbiology.

[27]  D. Haines,et al.  Technical Considerations for Developing Enzyme Immunohistochemical Staining Procedures on Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissues for Diagnostic Pathology , 1991, Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc.

[28]  P. Spradbrow,et al.  Sequences of papillomavirus DNA in equine sarcoids. , 1985, Equine veterinary journal.

[29]  J. Felsenstein.  CONFIDENCE LIMITS ON PHYLOGENIES: AN APPROACH USING THE BOOTSTRAP , 1985, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[30]  R. Smithers,et al.  The mammals of the southern African subregion , 1983 .

[31]  W. Lancaster,et al.  Animal papillomaviruses , 1982, Microbiological reviews.

[32]  W. Lancaster.  Apparent lack of integration of bovine papillomavirus DNA in virus-induced equine and bovine tumor cells and virus-transformed mouse cells. , 1981, Virology.

[33]  H. Müller,et al.  Equine connective tissue tumors contain unintegrated bovine papilloma virus DNA , 1980, Journal of virology.

[34]  I. Selman,et al.  High incidence area of cattle cancer with a possible interaction between an environmental carcinogen and a papilloma virus , 1978, Nature.

[35]  L. Karstad,et al.  SKIN PAPILLOMAS IN AN IMPALA (Aepyceros melampus) AND A GIRAFFE (Giraffa camelopardalis)1 , 1978, Journal of wildlife diseases.

[36]  W. Williams.  CANCER IN WILD ANIMALS. , 1899 .

[37]  W. Rogerwilliams.  CANCER IN WILD ANIMALS. , 1899 .