Algorithme de routage coopératif à qualité de service pour des réseaux ad hoc agri-environnementaux. (Cooperative routing protocole with QoS for agri-environmental ad hoc networks)

Avoir une agriculture garantissant ses bonnes pratiques et ainsi, contribuer a la protection de l'environnement est un enjeu majeur du developpement durable du monde rural. Pour cela, il faut etre a meme de surveiller les milieux et d'enregistrer les interventions liees a l'agriculture. Cette surveillance necessite de collecter de plus en plus de donnees spatio-temporelles pour alimenter des systemes d'information agri-environnementaux capables de construire des indicateurs permettant de prendre des decisions, d'assurer des controles... Cette collecte de donnees ne peut etre performante que si elle est realisee de maniere automatique au travers de reseaux informatiques. Ainsi, dans le cadre de ces travaux, le concept de reseaux agri-environnementaux est presente. Les caracteristiques et les contraintes liees a ces reseaux montrent que seuls les reseaux sans fil de type ad hoc peuvent etre mis en oeuvre pour repondre aux besoins. Un etat de l'art des reseaux ad hoc et des protocoles de routages associes montre que la creation d'un nouveau protocole de routage cooperatif est necessaire afin de satisfaire les besoins des reseaux agri-environnementaux. Ce protocole de routage cooperatif est la principale contribution de ces travaux. Vient ensuite la question de Qualite de Service dans ce type de reseaux sans fil qui est tres importante, notamment dans un contexte de surveillance de l'environnement. Au sein du protocole de routage propose, la Qualite de Service est abordee suivant plusieurs principes : estimation de la bande passante, augmentation de la connectivite du reseau... La Qualite de Service dans les reseaux agri-environnementaux est donc un autre point important de ces travaux de these. La mise en oeuvre de ces principes est illustree au travers de differents exemples de reseaux agri-environnementaux. Cet aspect est aborde de maniere globale par la mise en oeuvre de modules originaux tant sur le plan materiel que logiciel. Les solutions proposee permettent le deploiement de capteurs, fixes ou mobiles, a meme de surveiller l'environnement et ainsi, de mieux comprendre les actions de l'homme sur celui-ci.

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