Knit-in 3D mapping's effect on thermoregulation: preliminary results

This study explored knit-in 3D mapping's influence on thermal comfort under different environmental conditions when in next-to-skin (NTS) garments. It was hypothesised that the knit-in raised geometric shapes would modify the microclimate in the torso region, allowing for better thermal management and keeping the wearer more comfortable than an identical NTS shirt without mapping. Thermal images were taken of the front and back torso regions of the NTS garments worn in wearer trials while exercising under hot and cold conditions. The data suggested that an NTS shirt with no mapping tended to regulate skin temperatures better under hot conditions, while an NTS shirt with knit-in mapping regulated skin temperatures better in cold environments. Skin and exterior garment temperature changes indicated that an NTS shirt with knit-in mapping retained more heat inside the garment, providing better insulative performance under cold conditions.

[1]  R Nielsen,et al.  The impact of activity level on sweat accumulation and thermal comfort using different underwear. , 1995, Ergonomics.

[2]  G Havenith,et al.  Relationship between clothing ventilation and thermal insulation. , 2002, AIHA journal : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety.

[3]  Paolo Cignoni,et al.  Minimizing user intervention in registering 2D images to 3D models , 2005, The Visual Computer.

[4]  Yuichi Yanai,et al.  Physiological significance of hydrophilic and hydrophobic textile materials during intermittent exercise in humans under the influence of warm ambient temperature with and without wind , 1998, European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology.

[5]  H. Tokura,et al.  Effects of Moisture Absorption of Clothing on Pitching Speed of Amateur Baseball Players in Hot Environmental Conditions , 2006 .

[6]  H Tokura,et al.  Effects of two kinds of clothing made from hydrophobic and hydrophilic fabrics on local sweating rates at an ambient temperature of 37 degrees C. , 1995, Ergonomics.

[7]  H. Tokura,et al.  Effects of Hygroscopically Treated Polyester Blouses on Sweating Rates of Sedentary Women at 33°C , 1985 .

[8]  Susan M. Watkins.  Clothing: The Portable Environment , 1984 .

[9]  Heat and Moisture Transport Through the Microclimate Air Annulus of the Clothing-Skin System Under Periodic Motion , 2006 .

[10]  G. Havenith,et al.  Required clothing ventilation for different body regions in relation to local sweat rates , 2003 .

[11]  George Havenith,et al.  Regional microclimate humidity of clothing during light work as a result of the interaction between local sweat production and ventilation , 2006 .

[12]  I. Holmér.  Protective clothing in hot environments. , 2006, Industrial health.

[13]  Jelka Geršak,et al.  Development of a mathematical model for the heat transfer of the system man – clothing – environment , 2007 .

[14]  H. Tokura,et al.  Effects of wearing two different clothing ensembles on endurance performance of handgrip exercise. , 1995, Journal of human ergology.

[15]  THE COOLING EFFICIENCY OF SWEAT EVAPORATION , 1962 .

[16]  Yi Li,et al.  Effect of Moisture Management on Functional Performance of Cold Protective Clothing , 2007 .

[17]  Jintu Fan,et al.  An experimental investigation of moisture absorption and condensation in fibrous insulations under low temperature , 2003 .

[18]  Roger L. Barker,et al.  Comfort Properties of Heat-Resistant Protective Workwear in Varying Conditions of Physical Activity and Environment. Part I: Thermophysical and Sensorial Properties of Fabrics , 2005 .

[19]  Li Yi,et al.  Effect of clothing material on thermal responses of the human body , 2005 .

[20]  Lawrence A. Ray,et al.  2-D and 3-D Image Registration for Medical, Remote Sensing, and Industrial Applications , 2005, J. Electronic Imaging.

[21]  Timothy P. Gavin,et al.  Clothing and Thermoregulation During Exercise , 2003, Sports medicine.

[22]  Bir Bhanu,et al.  Hierarchical multi-sensor image registration using evolutionary computation , 2005, GECCO '05.

[23]  Asw S. W. Wong,et al.  Statistical Simulation of Psychological Perception of Clothing Sensory Comfort , 2002 .

[24]  D. D. Bois,et al.  CLINICAL CALORIMETRY: TENTH PAPER A FORMULA TO ESTIMATE THE APPROXIMATE SURFACE AREA IF HEIGHT AND WEIGHT BE KNOWN , 1916 .

[25]  T. Gavin,et al.  Clothing fabric does not affect thermoregulation during exercise in moderate heat. , 2001, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[26]  Gilsoo Cho,et al.  Thermal Properties and Physiological Responses of Vapor-Permeable Water-Repellent Fabrics Treated with Microcapsule-Containing PCMs , 2004 .

[27]  Lisa M. Brown,et al.  A survey of image registration techniques , 1992, CSUR.

[28]  B. Farnworth,et al.  Mechanisms of Heat Flow Through Clothing Insulation , 1983 .

[29]  Kamel Ghali,et al.  Ventilation rates of micro-climate air annulus of the clothing-skin system under periodic motion , 2005 .

[30]  W Larry Kenney,et al.  Heat Balance Limits in Football Uniforms , 2002, The Physician and sportsmedicine.

[31]  M. Gleeson,et al.  Temperature Regulation During Exercise , 1998, International journal of sports medicine.