Coronary microvascular dysfunction.

(CFR), defined as the ratio of coronary blood flow (CBF) at maximal dilation to CBF at baseline, is impaired in patients with CMD. CMD encompasses various clinicopathologic changes that lead to functional and structural abnormalities in the coronary microvasculature. These changes disrupt the ability of the vessels to vasodilate and augment CBF in response to increased myocardial oxygen demand, causing angina and ischemia.14

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