Human vs. Computer Go: Review and Prospect [Discussion Forum]

The Google DeepMind challenge match in March 2016 was a historic achievement for computer Go development. This article discusses the development of computational intelligence (CI) and its relative strength in comparison with human intelligence for the game of Go. We first summarize the milestones achieved for computer Go from 1998 to 2016. Then, the computer Go programs that have participated in previous IEEE CIS competitions as well as methods and techniques used in AlphaGo are briefly introduced. Commentaries from three high-level professional Go players on the five AlphaGo versus Lee Sedol games are also included. We conclude that AlphaGo beating Lee Sedol is a huge achievement in artificial intelligence (AI) based largely on CI methods. In the future, powerful computer Go programs such as AlphaGo are expected to be instrumental in promoting Go education and AI real-world applications.

[1]  Olivier Teytaud,et al.  The 2010 Contest: MOGOTW vs. Human Go Players , 2010 .

[2]  Olivier Teytaud,et al.  Intelligent Agents for the Game of Go , 2010, IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine.

[3]  Csaba Szepesvári,et al.  Bandit Based Monte-Carlo Planning , 2006, ECML.

[4]  Rémi Coulom,et al.  Efficient Selectivity and Backup Operators in Monte-Carlo Tree Search , 2006, Computers and Games.

[5]  David Silver,et al.  Move Evaluation in Go Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks , 2014, ICLR.

[6]  Rémi Coulom,et al.  Computing "Elo Ratings" of Move Patterns in the Game of Go , 2007, J. Int. Comput. Games Assoc..

[7]  Amos J. Storkey,et al.  Training Deep Convolutional Neural Networks to Play Go , 2015, ICML.

[8]  Olivier Teytaud,et al.  Society briefs: the game of go @ IEEE WCCI 2010 , 2009 .

[9]  Olivier Teytaud,et al.  T2FS-Based Adaptive Linguistic Assessment System for Semantic Analysis and Human Performance Evaluation on Game of Go , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems.

[10]  Shang-Rong Tsai,et al.  Current Frontiers in Computer Go , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games.

[11]  Tzung-Pei Hong,et al.  The Computational Intelligence of MoGo Revealed in Taiwan's Computer Go Tournaments , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games.

[12]  Olivier Teytaud,et al.  Computational Intelligence Meets Game of Go @ IEEE WCCI 2012 [Society Briefs] , 2012, IEEE Comput. Intell. Mag..

[13]  HuangTimothy.  The game of go , 2003 .

[14]  Demis Hassabis,et al.  Mastering the game of Go with deep neural networks and tree search , 2016, Nature.

[15]  I-Chen Wu,et al.  Human vs. Computer Go: Review and Prospect , 2016, ArXiv.