RULA: a survey method for the investigation of work-related upper limb disorders.

RULA (rapid upper limb assessment) is a survey method developed for use in ergonomics investigations of workplaces where work-related upper limb disorders are reported. This tool requires no special equipment in providing a quick assessment of the postures of the neck, trunk and upper limbs along with muscle function and the external loads experienced by the body. A coding system is used to generate an action list which indicates the level of intervention required to reduce the risks of injury due to physical loading on the operator. It is of particular assistance in fulfilling the assessment requirements of both the European Community Directive (90/270/EEC) on the minimum safety and health requirements for work with display screen equipment and the UK Guidelines on the prevention of work-related upper limb disorders.

[1]  J Ekholm,et al.  Influence of sitting postures on neck and shoulder e.m.g. during arm-hand work movements. , 1987, Clinical biomechanics.

[2]  Vern Putz-Anderson,et al.  Cumulative trauma disorders : a manual for musculoskeletal diseases of the upper limbs , 1988 .

[3]  Etienne Grandjean Fitting the task to the man , 1969 .

[4]  Henry T. Miller,et al.  Quantifying Exposure , 1985 .

[5]  T V Wrigley,et al.  Microcomputer video image processing technology in working posture analysis: application to seated postures of keyboard operators. , 1991, Applied ergonomics.

[6]  O Karhu,et al.  Correcting working postures in industry: A practical method for analysis. , 1977, Applied ergonomics.

[7]  M Hagberg,et al.  Electromyographic signs of shoulder muscular fatigue in two elevated arm positions. , 1981, American journal of physical medicine.

[8]  H Broman,et al.  Arm positioning in manual tasks. An electromyographic study of localized muscle fatigue. , 1980, Ergonomics.

[9]  M Nurminen,et al.  Sewing-machine operators' work and musculo-skeletal complaints. , 1982, Ergonomics.

[10]  E N Corlett,et al.  A technique for assessing postural discomfort. , 1976, Ergonomics.

[11]  B Jonsson,et al.  Measurement and evaluation of local muscular strain in the shoulder during constrained work. , 1982, Journal of human ergology.

[12]  B Piccoli,et al.  Change in visual function and viewing distance during work with VDTs. , 1990, Ergonomics.

[13]  R Wells,et al.  Quantifying exposure in occupational manual tasks with cumulative trauma disorder potential. , 1991, Ergonomics.

[14]  M Hagberg,et al.  Occupational musculoskeletal stress and disorders of the neck and shoulder: a review of possible pathophysiology , 1984, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[15]  G Markhede,et al.  Neck and shoulder complaints among sewing-machine operators: a study concerning frequency, symptomatology and dysfunction. , 1991, Applied ergonomics.

[16]  B. Jonsson,et al.  Standardised Nordic questionnaires for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms. , 1987, Applied ergonomics.

[17]  B Jonsson,et al.  Endurance limit of force in long-term intermittent static contractions. , 1977, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[18]  E Grandjean,et al.  VDT Workstation Design: Preferred Settings and Their Effects , 1983, Human factors.

[19]  Tichauer Er,et al.  Some aspects of stress on forearm and hand in industry. , 1966 .

[20]  B. McKenzieAlison Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders , 1995 .

[21]  D. Chaffin Localized muscle fatigue--definiton and measurement. , 1973, Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association.

[22]  Jan Persson,et al.  Disorders of the cervicobrachial region among female workers in the electronics industry , 1986 .