Anti-Acanthamoeba activity of contact lens solutions

AIMS This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of contact lens disinfecting solutions on strains ofAcanthamoeba from the United Kingdom and southern Africa and to compare the results with those of other researchers. No information was previously available for southern African isolates. METHODS 11 contact lens solutions were tested on cysts of 10 strains of Acanthamoeba. RESULTS Not all solutions used in the study were effective, with some for hard and gas permeable contact lenses being more satisfactory than those for soft contact lenses. The most effective of the gas permeable and hard contact lens solutions tested was Transoak (0.01% (wt/vol) benzalkonium chloride), which killed cysts of all strains within 4 hours of exposure. Oxysept 1 (31 mg hydrogen peroxide/ml) was the best soft contact lens solution tested. It eliminated cysts of certain strains within 4 hours, whereas cysts of other strains were only inactivated within either 8 or 72 hours. CONCLUSIONS Manufacturers should be aware of the killing time for Acanthamoeba by contact lens solutions and should provide appropriate guidelines for the use thereof. The killing time for cysts of the African and UK isolates studied is, in general, similar. Therefore, it must in the present state of knowledge be assumed that usage guidelines suggested in the UK are also appropriate for travellers to South Africa and for local residents in South Africa.

[1]  T. Lindquist,et al.  Treatment of Acanthamoeba Keratitist , 1998, Cornea.

[2]  Markus Mb,et al.  Informed consent--a survey of doctors' practices in South Africa. , 1996 .

[3]  M. Markus,et al.  Anti-Mastigina activities of eight contact lens solutions , 1995, Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy.

[4]  A. Pinna,et al.  Susceptibility of Acanthamoeba castellanii to contact lens disinfecting solutions , 1995, Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy.

[5]  M. Adams,et al.  Corneal virulence, cytopathic effect on human keratocytes and genetic characterization of Acanthamoeba. , 1995, International journal for parasitology.

[6]  B. J. Clark,et al.  Microbial contamination of cases used for storing contact lenses. , 1994, The Journal of infection.

[7]  I. T. Tutkun,et al.  Efficacy of a one-step hydrogen peroxide system for disinfection of soft contact lenses. , 1993, The CLAO journal : official publication of the Contact Lens Association of Ophthalmologists, Inc.

[8]  E. Bottone,et al.  Acanthamoeba keratitis: synergy between amebic and bacterial cocontaminants in contact lens care systems as a prelude to infection , 1992, Journal of clinical microbiology.

[9]  D. Seal,et al.  Possible environmental sources of Acanthamoeba spp in contact lens wearers. , 1992, British Journal of Ophthalmology.

[10]  C. Begley,et al.  Effects of Rigid Gas Permeable Contact Lens Solutions on the Human Corneal Epithelium , 1992, Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry.

[11]  D. Larkin,et al.  Treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis with polyhexamethylene biguanide. , 1991, Ophthalmology.

[12]  D. Seal,et al.  CONTACT LENS DISINFECTION AND ACANTHAMOEBA : PROBLEMS AND PRACTICALITIES , 1992 .

[13]  D. Meisler,et al.  Acanthamoeba and disinfection of soft contact lenses. , 1991, Reviews of Infectious Diseases.

[14]  G. Visvesvara.  Classification of Acanthamoeba. , 1991, Reviews of infectious diseases.

[15]  M. Osato,et al.  In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial compounds for cysticidal activity against Acanthamoeba. , 1991, Reviews of infectious diseases.

[16]  K. Oh,et al.  Quantitative enumeration of acanthamoeba for evaluation of cyst inactivation in contact lens care solutions. , 1991, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[17]  C. Connor,et al.  Effectivity of Contact Lens Disinfection Systems Against Acanthamoeba culbertsoni , 1991, Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry.

[18]  J. Beeching,et al.  Differentiation of Acanthamoeba strains from infected corneas and the environment by using restriction endonuclease digestion of whole-cell DNA , 1991, Journal of clinical microbiology.

[19]  T. John.  Interactions of Bacteria and Amoebae with Ocular Biomaterials , 1991 .

[20]  J. Beeching,et al.  Laboratory investigation of Acanthamoeba keratitis , 1990, Journal of clinical microbiology.

[21]  M. Markus,et al.  Contact lens warning in relation to Acanthamoeba. , 1990, South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde.

[22]  M. B. Moore,et al.  The effect of currently available contact lens disinfection systems on Acanthamoeba castellanii and Acanthamoeba polyphaga. , 1990, Ophthalmology.

[23]  D. Easty,et al.  Contamination of contact lens storage cases by Acanthamoeba and bacteria. , 1990, The British journal of ophthalmology.

[24]  S. Kilvington,et al.  Evaluation of the anti-acanthamoebal activity of five contact lens disinfectants , 1990 .

[25]  S. Kilvington.  Activity of water biocide chemicals and contact lens disinfectants on pathogenic free-living amoebae , 1990 .

[26]  D. Sahm,et al.  Adherence of Acanthamoeba castellanii cysts and trophozoites to unworn soft contact lenses. , 1989, American journal of ophthalmology.

[27]  Y. Blocker,et al.  Acanthamoeba culbertsoni and Contact Lens Disinfection Systems , 1989, Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry.

[28]  G. Visvesvara,et al.  Viability of Acanthamoeba cysts in ophthalmic solutions , 1989, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[29]  S. G. Sickler,et al.  Comparative antimicrobial efficacy of soft and rigid gas permeable contact lens solutions against Acanthamoeba. , 1989, The CLAO journal : official publication of the Contact Lens Association of Ophthalmologists, Inc.

[30]  D. Doughman,et al.  Acanthamoeba‐Contaminated Hydrogel Contact Lenses , 1988 .

[31]  D. Doughman,et al.  Acanthamoeba-contaminated hydrogel contact lenses. Susceptibility to disinfection. , 1988, Cornea.

[32]  F. Pagé.  A new key to freshwater and soil gymnamoebae with instructions for culture , 1988 .

[33]  S. Kilvington,et al.  Anti-acantamoeba activity of chlorhexidine and hydrogen peroxide , 1988 .

[34]  J. H. Carr,et al.  Acanthamoeba keratitis in soft contact lens wearers. A case-control study. , 1987, JAMA.

[35]  B. Christensen,et al.  Acanthamoeba keratitis in soft contact lens wearers. , 1987, Journal of the American Optometric Association.

[36]  E. Cohen,et al.  Medical and surgical treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis. , 1987, American journal of ophthalmology.

[37]  D. Meisler,et al.  Susceptibility of Acanthamoeba to soft contact lens disinfection systems. , 1986, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[38]  N. Burstein.  Preservative cytotoxic threshold for benzalkonium chloride and chlorhexidine digluconate in cat and rabbit corneas. , 1980, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[39]  B. Meakin,et al.  Loss of antibacterial preservatives from contact lens solutions during storage * , 1977, The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology.

[40]  H. Voorde,et al.  Differences in destruction of cysts of pathogenic and nonpathogenic Naegleria and Acanthamoeba by chlorine. , 1976 .

[41]  J. D. de Jonckheere,et al.  Differences in destruction of cysts of pathogenic and nonpathogenic Naegleria and Acanthamoeba by chlorine , 1976, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[42]  J. Jay,et al.  Effect of benzalkonium chloride on the stability of the precorneal tear film in rabbit and man. , 1975, The British journal of ophthalmology.

[43]  A. Steele,et al.  Amoebic infection of the eye. , 1974, Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom.

[44]  D. Warhurst,et al.  Isolation of amoebae from the air. , 1969, Journal of medical microbiology.

[45]  R L Sutherland,et al.  Contact Lenses. , 1965, Canadian Medical Association journal.

[46]  David M. Prescott,et al.  Methods in cell physiology , 1964 .