Graphite and hybrid nanomaterials as lubricant additives

Lubricant additives, based on inorganic nanoparticles coated with organic outer layer, can reduce wear and increase load-carrying capacity of base oil remarkably, indicating the great potential of hybrid nanoparticles as anti-wear and extreme-pressure additives with excellent levels of performance. The organic part in the hybrid materials improves their flexibility and stability, while the inorganic part is responsible for hardness. The relationship between the design parameters of the organic coatings, such as molecular architecture and the lubrication performance, however, remains to be fully elucidated. A survey of current understanding of hybrid nanoparticles as lubricant additives is presented in this review.

[1]  Jingfang Zhou,et al.  Tribological behavior and lubricating mechanism of Cu nanoparticles in oil , 2000 .

[2]  Chen Guoxu,et al.  Tribological properties of CeF3 nanoparticles as additives in lubricating oils , 1999 .

[3]  Luis M Liz-Marzán,et al.  Recent Progress on Silica Coating of Nanoparticles and Related Nanomaterials , 2010, Advanced materials.

[4]  Caixia Qi,et al.  Tribological performance of fatty acid modification of sol–gel TiO2 coating , 2012, Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology.

[5]  Guangpeng Zhu,et al.  Tribological effects of oxide based nanoparticles in lubricating oils , 2009 .

[6]  Liqiang Zheng,et al.  Dispersion of multiwalled carbon nanotubes by ionic liquid-type Gemini imidazolium surfactants in aqueous solution , 2010 .

[7]  Yuh-Yih Wu,et al.  Experimental analysis of tribological properties of lubricating oils with nanoparticle additives , 2007 .

[8]  Hugh Spikes,et al.  The Behavior of Colloidal Solid Particles in Elastohydrodynamic Contacts , 2000 .

[9]  R. Tenne,et al.  Inorganic fullerene-like material as additives to lubricants: structure–function relationship , 1999 .

[10]  Q. Xue,et al.  Study on the structure and tribological properties of surface-modified Cu nanoparticles , 1999 .

[11]  Jacob Klein,et al.  Reduction of frictional forces between solid surfaces bearing polymer brushes , 1994, Nature.

[12]  Marie-Paule Pileni,et al.  Control of the Shape and the Size of Copper Metallic Particles , 1996 .

[13]  Yuval Golan,et al.  Frictional Properties of Confined Nanorods , 2006 .

[14]  Jacob Klein,et al.  Hydration lubrication , 2013 .

[15]  X. B. Zhang,et al.  T application of carbon nanotubes in a metal-based composite coating and composites , 2003 .

[16]  D. Astruc,et al.  Gold nanoparticles: assembly, supramolecular chemistry, quantum-size-related properties, and applications toward biology, catalysis, and nanotechnology. , 2004, Chemical reviews.

[17]  Wenpeng Liu,et al.  Tribochemistry and antiwear mechanism of organic–inorganic nanoparticles as lubricant additives , 2006 .

[18]  Marcus Textor,et al.  Ultrastable iron oxide nanoparticle colloidal suspensions using dispersants with catechol-derived anchor groups. , 2009, Nano letters.

[19]  R. Tenne,et al.  Fullerene‐like WS2 Nanoparticles: Superior Lubricants for Harsh Conditions , 2003 .

[20]  R. Kreivaitis,et al.  Tribological properties of lubricant additives of Fe, Cu and Co nanoparticles , 2013 .

[21]  Jooho Moon,et al.  Synthesis and size control of monodisperse copper nanoparticles by polyol method. , 2007, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[22]  M. Chaudhury,et al.  Complex fluids: Spread the word about nanofluids , 2003, Nature.

[23]  Mustafa Akbulut,et al.  REVIEWS Effects of sub-ångstrom (pico-scale) structure of surfaces on adhesion, friction, and bulk mechanical properties , 2005 .

[24]  Nobuo Ohmae,et al.  Carbon‐Based Nanolubricants , 2008 .

[25]  Robin D. Rogers,et al.  On the solubilization of water with ethanol in hydrophobic hexafluorophosphate ionic liquids , 2002 .

[26]  Stephen U. S. Choi.  Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nano-particles , 1995 .

[27]  Lei Chen,et al.  Synthesis and Tribological Properties of Stearic Acid-Modified Anatase (TiO2) Nanoparticles , 2011 .

[28]  S. Kakaç,et al.  Enhanced thermal conductivity of nanofluids: a state-of-the-art review , 2010 .

[29]  Lev Rapoport,et al.  Friction and wear of bronze powder composites including fullerene-like WS2 nanoparticles , 2001 .

[30]  Lev Rapoport,et al.  Mechanism of friction of fullerenes , 2002 .

[31]  Uri Raviv,et al.  Lubrication by charged polymers , 2003, Nature.

[32]  Scott S Perry,et al.  Solvent dependent friction force response of polystyrene brushes prepared by surface initiated polymerization. , 2007, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[33]  Yongfa Zhu,et al.  Surface-modification of SiO2 nanoparticles with oleic acid , 2003 .

[34]  Lu Zhang,et al.  Electrodeposition and mechanical and corrosion resistance properties of Ni–W/SiC nanocomposite coatings , 2007 .

[35]  Hui Wang,et al.  Tribological behaviors of surfactant-functionalized carbon nanotubes as lubricant additive in water , 2007 .

[36]  Lev Rapoport,et al.  Behavior of fullerene-like WS2 nanoparticles under severe contact conditions , 2005 .

[37]  Ang Li,et al.  Poly(acrylamide) films at the solvent-induced glass transition: adhesion, tribology, and the influence of crosslinking , 2012 .

[38]  Sulabha K. Kulkarni,et al.  Nanoshell particles: synthesis, properties and applications , 2006 .

[39]  K. C. Ludema,et al.  Mechanics and Chemistry in Lubrication , 2012 .

[40]  S. F. Abdullah.  Study on Nanoparticles as an Additive in Lubricant towards Sustainability of Energy in Industrial Engineering , 2013 .

[41]  Jože Vižintin,et al.  The effect of temperature on the tribological mechanisms and reactivity of hydrogenated, amorphous diamond-like carbon coatings under oil-lubricated conditions , 2007 .

[42]  R. Tenne,et al.  Tribological properties of WS2 nanoparticles under mixed lubrication , 2003 .

[43]  Uri Raviv,et al.  Normal and frictional forces between surfaces bearing polyelectrolyte brushes. , 2008, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[44]  Zettl,et al.  Low-friction nanoscale linear bearing realized from multiwall carbon nanotubes , 2000, Science.

[45]  Kazuhiko Ishihara,et al.  Friction behavior of high-density poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) brush in aqueous media. , 2007, Soft matter.

[46]  M. Grätzel,et al.  Hydrophobic, Highly Conductive Ambient-Temperature Molten Salts. , 1996, Inorganic chemistry.

[47]  Xiaobo Wang,et al.  Performance and anti‐wear mechanism of Cu nanoparticles as lubricating oil additives , 2009 .

[48]  Bharat Bhushan,et al.  Fullerene (C60) Films for Solid Lubrication , 1993 .

[49]  Emmanuel P. Giannelis,et al.  Synthesis and Properties of Highly Dispersed Ionic Silica–Poly(ethylene oxide) Nanohybrids , 2013, ACS nano.

[50]  Feng Zhou,et al.  A novel lubricant additive based on carbon nanotubes for ionic liquids , 2008 .

[51]  M. Yacamán,et al.  The role of twinning in shape evolution of anisotropic noble metal nanostructures , 2006 .

[52]  Graham J Leggett,et al.  Effect of brush thickness and solvent composition on the friction force response of poly(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethylphosphorylcholine) brushes. , 2011, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[53]  Lynden A Archer,et al.  Nanoscale organic-inorganic hybrid lubricants. , 2011, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[54]  R. Superfine,et al.  Nanometre-scale rolling and sliding of carbon nanotubes , 1999, Nature.

[55]  R. Chou,et al.  CuO, ZrO2 and ZnO nanoparticles as antiwear additive in oil lubricants , 2008 .

[56]  Fei Gao,et al.  CU nanoparticles effect on the tribological properties of hydrosilicate powders as lubricant additive for steel–steel contacts , 2011 .

[57]  Mustafa Akbulut,et al.  Nanoparticle-Based Lubrication Systems , 2012 .

[58]  E. Stachowiak,et al.  Organically modified silica nanoparticles: a nonviral vector for in vivo gene delivery and expression in the brain. , 2005, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[59]  Spalla,et al.  Adhesion between Oxide Nanoparticles: Influence of Surface Complexation , 1997, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[60]  Kenneth W. Street,et al.  Friction properties of surface-fluorinated carbon nanotubes , 2005 .

[61]  Qunji Xue,et al.  Friction and wear properties of a surface-modified TiO2 nanoparticle as an additive in liquid paraffin , 1997 .

[62]  V. N. Bakunin,et al.  Synthesis and Application of Inorganic Nanoparticles as Lubricant Components – a Review , 2004 .

[63]  Salete Martins Alves,et al.  Tribological behavior of vegetable oil-based lubricants with nanoparticles of oxides in boundary lubrication conditions , 2013 .

[64]  Nicholas D. Spencer,et al.  Polymer-Brush Lubrication in Oil: Sliding Beyond the Stribeck Curve , 2012, Tribology Letters.

[65]  Z. Fan,et al.  Zinc oxide nanostructures: synthesis and properties. , 2005, Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology.

[66]  Gaorong Han,et al.  Tribological Behavior of Carbon-Nanotube-Filled PTFE Composites , 2003 .

[67]  Zhijun Zhang,et al.  A Novel Solution Route for Preparing Indium Nanoparticles , 2003 .

[68]  Lynden A. Archer,et al.  Poly(ethylene oxide)/Silica Nanocomposites: Structure and Rheology , 2002 .

[69]  Fernando A Escobedo,et al.  Structure and transport properties of polymer grafted nanoparticles. , 2011, The Journal of chemical physics.

[70]  Yeon-Pun Chang,et al.  Tribological properties of diamond and SiO2 nanoparticles added in paraffin , 2009 .

[71]  Clement Kleinstreuer,et al.  Microfluidics of nano-drug delivery , 2008 .

[72]  Tetsu Mieno,et al.  Ultralow friction and wear behaviour of Ni/Y-based single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) , 2004 .

[73]  B L V Prasad,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of poly-L-lysine-grafted silica nanoparticles synthesized via NCA polymerization and click chemistry. , 2010, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[74]  Zhijun Zhang,et al.  Preparation of Nickel-Based Nanolubricants via a Facile In Situ One-Step Route and Investigation of Their Tribological Properties , 2013, Tribology Letters.

[75]  Y. B. Liu,et al.  Tribological properties of metal matrix-graphite particle composites , 1992 .

[76]  Wuge H. Briscoe,et al.  Nanofluids mediating surface forces. , 2012, Advances in colloid and interface science.

[77]  Shiping Zhu,et al.  Surface modification of active metals through atom transfer radical polymerization grafting of acrylics , 2008 .

[78]  Wei-min Liu,et al.  Tribological Properties of CaCO3 Nanoparticles as an Additive in Lithium Grease , 2011 .

[79]  Jian Ping Lu,et al.  Atomic Scale Sliding and Rolling of Carbon Nanotubes , 1999 .

[80]  Stephen M. Hsu,et al.  Nano-lubrication: concept and design , 2004 .

[81]  Qian Liu,et al.  Preparation and Tribological Properties of Surface-Coated Nano-Copper Additives , 2008 .

[82]  M. Prato,et al.  Chemistry of carbon nanotubes. , 2006, Chemical reviews.

[83]  S. Paria,et al.  Core/shell nanoparticles: classes, properties, synthesis mechanisms, characterization, and applications. , 2012, Chemical reviews.

[84]  H. Spikes,et al.  Mechanism of Action of Colloidal Solid Dispersions , 2003 .

[85]  Bo Yu,et al.  Polyelectrolyte‐grafted carbon nanotubes: Synthesis, reversible phase‐transition behavior, and tribological properties as lubricant additives , 2008 .

[86]  D. Dowson,et al.  Experimental methods in tribology , 2004 .

[87]  Kothandapani Babu,et al.  Grafting of Poly(methyl methacrylate) Brushes from Magnetite Nanoparticles Using a Phosphonic Acid Based Initiator by Ambient Temperature Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATATRP) , 2008, Nanoscale Research Letters.

[88]  Patricia E. Gharagozloo,et al.  A Benchmark Study on the Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids , 2009 .

[89]  Feng Zhou,et al.  Mechanical properties and wear and corrosion resistance of electrodeposited Ni-Co/SiC nanocomposite coating , 2006 .

[90]  J. Tu,et al.  An investigation on tribological properties of graphite nanosheets as oil additive , 2006 .

[91]  Z. S. Hu,et al.  Study on antiwear and reducing friction additive of nanometer titanium oxide , 1998 .

[92]  Y. B. Liu,et al.  Friction and wear of aluminium-graphite composites: the smearing process of graphite during sliding , 1992 .

[93]  R. Chou,et al.  Antiwear properties of carbon-coated copper nanoparticles used as an additive to a polyalphaolefin , 2011 .

[94]  R. Tenne,et al.  Fabrication of self-lubricating cobalt coatings on metal surfaces , 2007 .

[95]  S. Sinnott,et al.  Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications , 2001 .

[96]  Lei Chen,et al.  The use of CTAB to control the size of copper nanoparticles and the concentration of alkylthiols on their surfaces , 2006 .

[97]  Wenjing Lou,et al.  Rheological and Tribological Properties of Ionic Liquid-Based Nanofluids Containing Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes , 2010 .

[98]  Glenn H. Fredrickson,et al.  Lubrication forces between surfaces bearing polymer brushes , 1993 .

[99]  Nicholas D. Spencer,et al.  Understanding the role of viscous solvent confinement in the tribological behavior of polymer brushes: A bioinspired approach , 2013 .

[100]  Xu Tao,et al.  The ball-bearing effect of diamond nanoparticles as an oil additive , 1996 .

[101]  Tatsuya Ishikawa,et al.  Macroscopic frictional properties of poly(1-(2-methacryloyloxy)ethyl-3-butyl imidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)-imide) brush surfaces in an ionic liquid. , 2010, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[102]  Xiaohong Li,et al.  Surface-modification in situ of nano-SiO2 and its structure and tribological properties , 2006 .

[103]  D. Xing,et al.  Investigation of the Mending Effect and Mechanism of Copper Nano-Particles on a Tribologically Stressed Surface , 2004 .

[104]  Qian Zou,et al.  Friction and Wear Characteristics of Oil-Based ZnO Nanofluids , 2013 .

[105]  R. Vaia,et al.  Nanoparticle-wetted surfaces for relays and energy transmission contacts. , 2007, Small.

[106]  Young-Min Choi,et al.  Tribological behavior of copper nanoparticles as additives in oil , 2009 .

[107]  Wei Yu,et al.  A Review on Nanofluids: Preparation, Stability Mechanisms, and Applications of Ethylene Glycol – Water Based Nanofluids Dispersed with Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes , 2024, INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT.

[108]  Y. Xuan,et al.  Investigation on Convective Heat Transfer and Flow Features of Nanofluids , 2003 .

[109]  Aili Wang,et al.  Modifier effects on chemical reduction synthesis of nanostructured copper , 2006 .

[110]  Filippo Agresti,et al.  The Synthesis and Effect of Copper Nanoparticles on the Tribological Properties of Lubricant Oils , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology.

[111]  Aili Wang,et al.  Effects of various polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooils (Tweens) and sodium dodecyl sulfate on reflux synthesis of copper nanoparticles , 2006 .

[112]  Young-Min Choi,et al.  Understanding the Role of Nanoparticles in Nano-oil Lubrication , 2009 .

[113]  Xiaobo Wang,et al.  Nanolubricants Made of Metals , 2008 .

[114]  Seunghwan Lee,et al.  Tribological properties of poly(L-lysine)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) films: influence of polymer architecture and adsorbed conformation. , 2009, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[115]  K. Kobe.  The friction and lubrication of solids , 1951 .

[116]  B. Kieback,et al.  Friction and wear of copper–graphite composites made with Cu-coated and uncoated graphite powders , 2002 .

[117]  Weizhen Chen,et al.  Tribological application of carbon nanotubes in a metal-based composite coating and composites , 2003 .