Sepsis: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Classification, Biomarkers and Management

Every physician has been trained early in their careers on how to recognize and manage sepsis. Although sepsis has been one of the most researched ailments in medicine, it also remains one of the deadliest diseases in the face of recent advances. In this current article, we review the diagnostic and management criteria for Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS), sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock, and Multi Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS). We then examine the implications of the “surviving sepsis” campaign as well as explore the philosophy of Early Goal Directed Therapy (EGDT) and its role in the modern day management of sepsis. In addition, we sought to highlight potential new biomarkers and current available therapies in sepsis. Noah Pirozzi1, Nima Rejali1, Matthew Brennan1, Anuj Vohra2, Trevor McGinley2 and Murali G Krishna2,3* 1Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, New York, USA 2Orange Regional Medical Center (ORMC) Middletown, New York, USA 3Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Orange Regional Medical Group, Middletown, New York, USA Sepsis: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Classification, Biomarkers and Management 2000 Hospitalization Rate (per 10,000) 2008 Hospitalization Rate (per 10,000) Sepsis as a Primary Dx 11.6 24 Sepsis as any Dx 22.1 37.7 Table 1: Sepsis Hospitalization Trends 2000-2008: Hospitalizations for sepsis have more than doubled from 2000 to 2008 demonstrating the increasing burden of sepsis on the US healthcare system [5]. Age Group 2003 Sepsis Hospitalization Rate (per 10,000) 2007 Sepsis Hospitalization Rate (per 10,000)

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