Der Bazar der Anforderungen

ZusammenfassungTraditionelles Requirements Engineering ist auf die Ermittlung, Festschreibung und Nachvollziehbarkeit von Anforderungen in den Informationssystemen einer Organisation fokussiert. Die fortschreitende Globalisierung und Vernetzung hat neue Formen der Zusammenarbeit und der informationstechnischen Unterstützung hervorgebracht. Auf Basis von zwei Fallstudien zu offenen Innovationsprozessen haben wir die Anforderungen an ein adaptives Requirements Engineering für emergente Communities ermittelt. Zur informatischen Unterstützung haben wir ein i*-Modell für die Beschreibung der wechselseitigen Abhängigkeiten zwischen den Communities und den von ihnen genutzten Informationssystemen aus der Sichtweise des adaptiven RE entwickelt. Wir unterstützen das adaptive RE durch einen Dienstbaukasten, der in die zu entwickelnden Informationssysteme integriert werden kann. Dadurch entsteht im Sinne der Open-Source-Bewegung ein Bazar von Anforderungen. Diesen Vorgang haben wir prototypisch in einen Store für webbasierte Widgets zur Gestaltung von personalisierten Lernumgebungen umgesetzt.

[1]  E. Rogers,et al.  Diffusion of Innovations , 1964 .

[2]  P. Keen.  Value Analysis: Justifying Decision Support Systems , 1993 .

[3]  Marc Spaniol,et al.  LAS: A Lightweight Application Server for MPEG-7 Services in Community Engines , 2008 .

[4]  Ricardo A. Baeza-Yates,et al.  The Intention Behind Web Queries , 2006, SPIRE.

[5]  Françoise Détienne,et al.  Cross-participants: fostering design-use mediation in an open source software community , 2007, ECCE '07.

[6]  Dick Hardt,et al.  The OAuth 2.0 Protocol , 2010 .

[7]  J. Marshall.  Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology , 2004 .

[8]  J. Brown,et al.  The Only Sustainable Edge: Why Business Strategy Depends On Productive Friction And Dynamic Specialization , 2005 .

[9]  A. Hirschman,et al.  Exit, Voice, and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States , 1971 .

[10]  Steffen Lohmann,et al.  A Web Platform for Social Requirements Engineering , 2009, Software Engineering.

[11]  Jörg Rech,et al.  Wiki-Based Stakeholder Participation in Requirements Engineering , 2007, IEEE Software.

[12]  R. Armstrong.  The Long Tail: Why the Future of Business Is Selling Less of More , 2008 .

[13]  Etienne Wenger,et al.  Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation , 1991 .

[14]  Tim O'Reilly,et al.  Web Squared: Web 2.0 Five Years On , 2009 .

[15]  Peter A. Gloor,et al.  Correlating temporal communication patterns of the Eclipse open source community with performance and creativity , 2007, Comput. Math. Organ. Theory.

[16]  Roula Michaelides,et al.  Internet Communities and Open innovation: an Information System Design Methodology , 2007, 6th IEEE/ACIS International Conference on Computer and Information Science (ICIS 2007).

[17]  Tim O'Reilly,et al.  What is Web 2.0: Design Patterns and Business Models for the Next Generation of Software , 2007 .

[18]  Markus Strohmaier,et al.  Studying databases of intentions: do search query logs capture knowledge about common human goals? , 2009, K-CAP '09.

[19]  Andrea Martini,et al.  Collaborative Storytelling in the Web 2 . 0 , 2008 .

[20]  E. Rogers,et al.  Diffusion of innovations , 1964, Encyclopedia of Sport Management.

[21]  Michael Bächle,et al.  Ökonomische Perspektiven des Web 2.0 – Open Innovation, Social Commerce und Enterprise 2.0 , 2008, Wirtschaftsinf..

[22]  E. Wenger.  Communities of Practice: Learning, Meaning, and Identity , 1998 .

[23]  Markus Strohmaier,et al.  Analyzing human intentions in natural language text , 2009, K-CAP '09.

[24]  Ralf Klamma,et al.  Community Driven Elicitation of Requirements with Entertaining Social Software , 2009, Software Engineering.

[25]  Stanley Wasserman,et al.  Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications , 1994, Structural analysis in the social sciences.

[26]  J. Brown,et al.  Minds on Fire: Open Education, the Long Tail, and Learning 2.0 , 2008 .

[27]  Matthias Jarke,et al.  Toward Reference Models of Requirements Traceability , 2001, IEEE Trans. Software Eng..

[28]  Byungtae Lee,et al.  Analysis on social network adoption according to the change of network topology: the impact of "Open API" to adoption of Facebook , 2010, ICEC '10.

[29]  M E J Newman,et al.  Community structure in social and biological networks , 2001, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[30]  Alistair G. Sutcliffe,et al.  Requirements rationales: integrating approaches to requirement analysis , 1995, Symposium on Designing Interactive Systems.

[31]  Marc Spaniol,et al.  MobSOS - A Testbed for Mobile Multimedia Community Services , 2008, 2008 Ninth International Workshop on Image Analysis for Multimedia Interactive Services.

[32]  Volkmar Pipek,et al.  Community driven development as participation?: involving user communities in a software design process , 2008, PDC.

[33]  Etienne Wenger,et al.  Communities of Practice: Learning, Meaning, and Identity , 1998 .

[34]  Premkumar T. Devanbu,et al.  Latent social structure in open source projects , 2008, SIGSOFT '08/FSE-16.

[35]  Matthias Jarke.  Reflexive Community Information Systems , 2006, ICEIS.

[36]  Eric S. K. Yu,et al.  Towards modelling and reasoning support for early-phase requirements engineering , 1997, Proceedings of ISRE '97: 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Requirements Engineering.

[37]  Eric A. von Hippel,et al.  How Open Source Software Works: 'Free' User-to-User Assistance? , 2000 .

[38]  E. Hippel.  Innovation by User Communities: Learning From Open-Source Software , 2001 .

[39]  Gary L. Lilien,et al.  Performance Assessment of the Lead User Idea-Generation Process for New Product Development , 2002, Manag. Sci..

[40]  E. Hippel,et al.  Lead users: a source of novel product concepts , 1986 .

[41]  Wassiou Sitou,et al.  Towards Requirements Engineering for Context Adaptive Systems , 2007, 31st Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC 2007).

[42]  Anind K. Dey,et al.  Understanding and Using Context , 2001, Personal and Ubiquitous Computing.

[43]  John Mylopoulos,et al.  Designing socio-technical systems: from stakeholder goals to social networks , 2009, Requirements Engineering.

[44]  Jane Cleland-Huang,et al.  Enhancing Stakeholder Profiles to Improve Recommendations in Online Requirements Elicitation , 2009, 2009 17th IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference.

[45]  R. Merton.  The Matthew Effect in Science , 1968, Science.