This report presents data from a number of recent surveys undertaken in China including the 1983 ecological survey the 1973-1975 mortality survey and the 1984 nitrosamine survey. "The chief purpose of the present monograph is simply to describe [population heterogeneity in China] by studying 65 rural counties and providing for each of them information on about 367 characteristics (82 standardized mortality rates from specific diseases and 285 biochemical and other characteristics chiefly from a special 1983 survey of adult blood urine diet and lifestyle in two randomly chosen villages in each of those 65 counties)." (EXCERPT)