District heating systems in Finland and Russia

The subject of this thesis is the examination of district heating (DH) systems in Finland and Russia. The main aim is to study Finnish experience in this field and to consider the possibility of applying Finnish systems in Russian conditions. The thesis presents the state of DH market in northern countries, shows the benefits of using DH systems, and describes various schemes of connecting DH network to buildings, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. The present situation in the sphere of DH in Finland and in Russia is also considered. Having considered the current situation with DH systems in Russia and the successes achieved in the field of heat supply in Finland, one may draw a conclusion that Russian DH networks need urgent renovation, taking into account and using Finnish experience of operating DH