Incorporating digital anorectal examinations for anal cancer screening into routine HIV care for men who have sex with men living with HIV: a prospective cohort study

Men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV have a high risk of anal cancer, which is often detected at late stages, when morbidity and mortality are high. The objective of this study was to describe the feasibility and challenges to incorporating regular digital anorectal examination (DARE) into routine HIV care for MSM living with HIV, from the perspective of patients, physicians and the health service.

[1]  J. Meyerhardt,et al.  Anal Carcinoma, Version 2.2018, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. , 2018, Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN.

[2]  J. Leone,et al.  “Off-Label” Usage of Testicular Self-Examination (TSE): Benefits Beyond Cancer Detection , 2018, American journal of men's health.

[3]  M. Ross,et al.  A phase II clinical study to assess the feasibility of self and partner anal examinations to detect anal canal abnormalities including anal cancer , 2017, Sexually Transmitted Infections.

[4]  S. Garland,et al.  Baseline findings from the Anal Cancer Examination (ACE) study: screening using digital ano-rectal examination in HIV-positive men who have sex with men , 2016, Journal of medical screening.

[5]  J. Kaldor,et al.  Cost-effectiveness of screening for anal cancer using regular digital ano-rectal examinations in men who have sex with men living with HIV , 2016, Journal of the International AIDS Society.

[6]  J. Ong,et al.  Why are we not screening for anal cancer routinely - HIV physicians’ perspectives on anal cancer and its screening in HIV-positive men who have sex with men: a qualitative study , 2015, BMC Public Health.

[7]  S. Garland,et al.  Exposing the gaps in awareness, knowledge and estimation of risk for anal cancer in men who have sex with men living with HIV: a cross-sectional survey in Australia , 2015, Journal of the International AIDS Society.

[8]  J. Ong,et al.  Regional and national guideline recommendations for digital ano-rectal examination as a means for anal cancer screening in HIV positive men who have sex with men: a systematic review , 2014, BMC Cancer.

[9]  Ross D. Cranston,et al.  Progression of anal high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions to invasive anal cancer among HIV‐infected men who have sex with men , 2014, International journal of cancer.

[10]  Gerard J Fitzsimmons,et al.  From the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare , 2014, Communicable diseases intelligence quarterly report.

[11]  J. Ong,et al.  The inside story. Physicians’ views on digital ano-rectal examination for anal cancer screening of HIV positive men who have sex with men , 2013, Journal of medical screening.

[12]  J. Hocking,et al.  Acceptability of digital anal cancer screening examinations in HIV‐positive homosexual men , 2013, HIV medicine.

[13]  A. Haydon,et al.  Size of anal squamous cell carcinomas at diagnosis: a retrospective case series , 2013, International journal of STD & AIDS.

[14]  S. Garland,et al.  Anal human papillomavirus infection and associated neoplastic lesions in men who have sex with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis. , 2012, The Lancet. Oncology.

[15]  T. Gambichler,et al.  Anal carcinoma in human immunodeficiency virus‐positive men: results of a prospective study from Germany , 2010, The British journal of dermatology.

[16]  J. Kaldor,et al.  Continuing declines in some but not all HIV-associated cancers in Australia after widespread use of antiretroviral therapy , 2009, AIDS.

[17]  J. Palefsky Anal cancer prevention in HIV-positive men and women , 2009, Current opinion in oncology.

[18]  E. Touboul,et al.  Anal canal carcinoma: early-stage tumors < or =10 mm (T1 or Tis): therapeutic options and original pattern of local failure after radiotherapy. , 2005, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[19]  S. Schwartz,et al.  Anal cancer incidence and survival: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results experience, 1973–2000 , 2004, Cancer.

[20]  J. Ware,et al.  A 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey: construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. , 1996, Medical care.

[21]  Matthew P. Goetz,et al.  NCCN CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES IN ONCOLOGY , 2019 .

[22]  E. Feuer,et al.  Cancer survival among adults: US SEER Program, 1988-2001: patient and tumor characteristics. , 2007 .