Antenna Modeling Techniques

Antennas are the basic devices which transition an electronic signal within the wired network to an electromagnetic wave that travels through space for possible reception by a corresponding receiving system. They are consequently essential components of any wireless communication system, and the recent rapid growth in consumer wireless devices also resulted in high demand for new antennas satisfying a variety of specialized electrical performance (gain, bandwidth, radiation patterns, etc.) as well as structural and material requirements (size, shape, etc.). Computational techniques play an increasingly more significant role in the design of antennas for commercial as well as military applications and in this chapter we discuss the most popular frequency domain methods for antenna analysis. The standard integral equation and finite element methods are described along with hybrid techniques which combine finite element, integral and high frequency approaches for efficient analysis of antennas in isolation and in presence of the mounting platforms. Example simulations are also given to demonstrate the capability of recent analysis methods for narrowband(wire and patch) and broadband(spiral) antennas in isolations and on full-scale aircraft. Keywords: antennas; computational electromagnetics; frequency domain methods; finite element methods; hybrid methods

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