Implementation of a Clostridioides difficile sentinel surveillance system in Germany: First insights for 2019-2021.

[1]  E. Kuijper,et al.  European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases: 2021 update on the treatment guidance document for Clostridioides difficile infection in adults. , 2021, Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.

[2]  G. Gradl,et al.  Quality Appraisal of Ambulatory Oral Cephalosporin and Fluoroquinolone Use in the 16 German Federal States from 2014–2019 , 2021, Antibiotics.

[3]  A. Mellmann,et al.  Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Clostridioides difficile in Germany, 2014-2019. , 2021, International journal of medical microbiology : IJMM.

[4]  Darcy E. Ellis,et al.  Comparative neurological safety of fluoroquinolones versus therapeutic alternatives , 2021, Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety.

[5]  M. Arvand,et al.  The largely unnoticed spread of Clostridioides difficile PCR ribotype 027 in Germany after 2010 , 2020, Infection prevention in practice.

[6]  N. Fairweather,et al.  The recent emergence of a highly related virulent Clostridium difficile clade with unique characteristics , 2020, Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.

[7]  K. Tateda,et al.  Clostridioides difficile infection in the Asia-Pacific region , 2019, Emerging microbes & infections.

[8]  J. Couturier,et al.  Local outbreak of Clostridioides difficile PCR-Ribotype 018 investigated by multi locus variable number tandem repeat analysis, whole genome multi locus sequence typing and core genome single nucleotide polymorphism typing. , 2019, Anaerobe.

[9]  F. Fang,et al.  Changes in molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile strains in the United States between 2011 and 2017. , 2019, Anaerobe.

[10]  A. Mellmann,et al.  Hospital outbreak due to Clostridium difficile ribotype 018 (RT018) in Southern Germany. , 2019, International journal of medical microbiology : IJMM.

[11]  E. Kuijper,et al.  Clostridium difficile infection: review , 2019, European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases.

[12]  F. Berger,et al.  Changes in Clostridium (Clostridioides) difficile PCR-Ribotype Distribution and Antimicrobial Resistance in a German Tertiary Care Hospital Over the Last 10 Years , 2019, Current Microbiology.

[13]  R. Mahfouz,et al.  Molecular characterization, toxin detection and resistance testing of human clinical Clostridium difficile isolates from Lebanon. , 2018, International journal of medical microbiology : IJMM.

[14]  M. Serrano,et al.  Imipenem Resistance in Clostridium difficile Ribotype 017, Portugal , 2018, Emerging infectious diseases.

[15]  M. Wilcox,et al.  The ClosER study: results from a three-year pan-European longitudinal surveillance of antibiotic resistance among prevalent Clostridium difficile ribotypes, 2011-2014. , 2017, Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.

[16]  G. Geginat,et al.  Management of a cluster of Clostridium difficile infections among patients with osteoarticular infections , 2017, Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control.

[17]  I. Gould,et al.  Effect of a national 4C antibiotic stewardship intervention on the clinical and molecular epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infections in a region of Scotland: a non-linear time-series analysis. , 2017, The Lancet. Infectious diseases.

[18]  M. Arvand,et al.  Clostridium difficile ribotype 027 is not evenly distributed in Hesse, Germany. , 2016, Anaerobe.

[19]  E. Kuijper,et al.  Clostridium difficile PCR ribotypes 001 and 176 - the common denominator of C. difficile infection epidemiology in the Czech Republic, 2014. , 2016, Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin.

[20]  M. Wilcox,et al.  Diversity of Clostridium difficile PCR ribotypes in Europe: results from the European, multicentre, prospective, biannual, point-prevalence study of Clostridium difficile infection in hospitalised patients with diarrhoea (EUCLID), 2012 and 2013. , 2016, Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin.

[21]  C. Janoir.  Virulence factors of Clostridium difficile and their role during infection. , 2016, Anaerobe.

[22]  D. Gerding,et al.  Fluoroquinolone and Macrolide Exposure Predict Clostridium difficile Infection with the Highly Fluoroquinolone- and Macrolide-Resistant Epidemic C. difficile Strain BI/NAP1/027 , 2015, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

[23]  S. Niemann,et al.  Tracing the Spread of Clostridium difficile Ribotype 027 in Germany Based on Bacterial Genome Sequences , 2015, PloS one.

[24]  A. Simon,et al.  Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile in Germany based on a single center long-term surveillance and German-wide genotyping of recent isolates provided to the advisory laboratory for diagnostic reasons. , 2015, International journal of medical microbiology : IJMM.

[25]  E. Kuijper,et al.  Hospital-based Clostridium difficile infection surveillance reveals high proportions of PCR ribotypes 027 and 176 in different areas of Poland, 2011 to 2013. , 2015, Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin.

[26]  D. Cirillo,et al.  Clostridium difficile PCR Ribotype 018, a Successful Epidemic Genotype , 2015, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[27]  K. Garey,et al.  Multiplex Real-Time PCR Method for Simultaneous Identification and Toxigenic Type Characterization of Clostridium difficile From Stool Samples , 2015, Annals of laboratory medicine.

[28]  B. Wren,et al.  The Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 027 lineage: a pathogen on the move. , 2014, Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.

[29]  D. Gerding,et al.  Clostridium difficile binary toxin CDT , 2013, Gut microbes.

[30]  M. Cairns,et al.  Changing epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection following the introduction of a national ribotyping-based surveillance scheme in England. , 2012, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[31]  E. Kuijper,et al.  Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 176 in the Czech Republic and Poland , 2011, The Lancet.

[32]  M. P. Bauer,et al.  The Changing Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile Infections , 2010, Clinical Microbiology Reviews.

[33]  J. Corver,et al.  Emergence of Clostridium difficile infection due to a new hypervirulent strain, polymerase chain reaction ribotype 078. , 2008, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[34]  T. Eckmanns,et al.  Confirmed cases and report of clusters of severe infections due to Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 027 in Germany. , 2007, Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin.

[35]  J. Brazier,et al.  Modification of a PCR Ribotyping Method for Application as a Routine Typing Scheme forClostridium difficile , 1996 .