Impact on power quality due to large-scale adoption of compact fluorescent lamps – a review

ABSTRACT The demand of electrical energy has grown tremendously in the last couple of decades across the globe. The energy conservation and management has attracted the attention of stake holders for efficient utilisation of the resources. One of the major steps taken by the authorities towards conservation of electrical energy is replacement of incandescent lamps (ILs) by compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs). CFL uses electronic circuit for its ignition, making them a non-linear load on utility grid. Large-scale replacement of ILs has enormous effects on utility grid in terms of power quality. This paper reviews the work conducted by several researchers investigating the effect of using CFLs on power quality. Basic terminologies related to power quality is defined. The experimental results elaborate the pollution on the grid in the term of total harmonic distortion in current due to adoption of CFLs. The methodologies of harmonic measurement system are reviewed. Different software used for the analysis is presented. The paper will help the researchers to receive a comprehensive overview of power-quality issues.

[1]  Yusuke Hayashi,et al.  Definitions of power quality levels and the simplest approach for unbundled power quality services , 2000, Ninth International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power. Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX441).

[2]  W. M. Grady,et al.  Prediction of Power System Harmonics Due to Gaseous Discharge Lighting , 1985, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems.

[3]  G. C. Cornfield Definition and measurement of voltage flicker (in lighting) , 1988 .

[4]  Goldy Katal,et al.  A Comparative Study on Design and Operation of Fluorescent Lamps, Cfls and Leds , 2013 .

[5]  Kao Chen,et al.  Energy, Incandescent Lighting, and 100 Years , 1980, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[6]  Frank Leferink,et al.  DC pollution of AC mains due to modern compact fluorescent light lamps and LED lamps , 2013, 2013 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility.

[7]  ChunHua Tang Electrical power system modeling and simulation of large-scale industrial enterprise , 2011, 2011 International Conference on Advanced Power System Automation and Protection.

[8]  E I Ortiz-Rivera,et al.  Compact Fluorescent Lamps, an Anticipatory Mind to Mercury , 2011, IEEE Potentials.

[9]  V. Cuk,et al.  Diversity and summation of large number of energy saving lighting , 2012, 2012 Asia-Pacific Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility.

[10]  Peter Schegner,et al.  HARMONIC SUMMATION EFFECTS OF MODERN LAMP TECHNOLOGIES AND SMALL ELECTRONIC HOUSEHOLD EQUIPMENT , 2011 .

[11]  M. Waclawiak,et al.  Distribution system power quality assessment phase II: voltage sag and interruption analysis , 2005, Record of Conference Papers Industry Applications Society 52nd Annual Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference.

[12]  D. Maheswaran,et al.  Energy efficiency in electrical systems , 2012, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems (PEDES).

[13]  E. R. Collins,et al.  An investigation of the response of incandescent lamps and compact fluorescent lamps to voltage fluctuations , 2010, Proceedings of 14th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power - ICHQP 2010.

[14]  E.A. Cano Plata,et al.  Power quality assessment and load identification , 2000, Ninth International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power. Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX441).

[15]  J.V. Milanovic,et al.  Power quality problems and solutions: current understanding , 1998, 8th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power. Proceedings (Cat. No.98EX227).

[16]  Rajendran Parthiban,et al.  Energy and economic benefits of LED adoption in Malaysia , 2015 .

[17]  Degefa Merkebu Zenebe,et al.  Investigation on nature of waste heat from incandescent light bulbs , 2011, 2011 10th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering.

[18]  Abdulrahman Kalbat PSCAD simulation of grid-tied photovoltaic systems and Total Harmonic Distortion analysis , 2013, 2013 3rd International Conference on Electric Power and Energy Conversion Systems.

[19]  C. L. Wadhwa Generation, Distribution and Utilization of Electrical Energy , 1989 .

[20]  J. K. Phipps,et al.  Power quality and harmonic distortion on distribution systems , 1991, [Proceedings] 1991 Rural Electric Power Conference. Papers presented at the 35th Annual Conference.

[21]  Haitham Abu-Rub,et al.  Power quality effect of using incandescent, fluorescent, CFL and LED lamps on utility grid , 2015, 2015 First Workshop on Smart Grid and Renewable Energy (SGRE).

[22]  W. E. Reid Power quality issues-standards and guidelines , 1994 .

[23]  L. I. Vanek,et al.  Static analysis of program source code using EDSA , 1989, Proceedings. Conference on Software Maintenance - 1989.

[24]  R.H. Simpson Instrumentation, measurement techniques and analytical tools in power quality studies , 1997, Conference Record of 1997 Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference.

[25]  M. Junaid,et al.  Analyses and monitoring of 132 kV grid using ETAP software , 2009, 2009 International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering - ELECO 2009.

[26]  Angelo Baggini,et al.  Handbook of Power Quality , 2008 .

[27]  Pradip Kumar Sadhu,et al.  Selection of LED T8 over CFL T8 for an efficient interior lighting design , 2014, Proceedings of The 2014 International Conference on Control, Instrumentation, Energy and Communication (CIEC).

[28]  P. Pinceti,et al.  Definition of Power Quality Indices for DC Low Voltage Distribution Networks , 2006, 2006 IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings.

[29]  M. Al-Dabbagh,et al.  Impact of compact fluorescent lamp on power quality , 2008, 2008 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference.

[30]  R. Madhusudan,et al.  Modeling and simulation of a Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) for power quality problems-voltage sags and swells , 2012, IEEE-International Conference On Advances In Engineering, Science And Management (ICAESM -2012).

[31]  A. Sundaram,et al.  Indices for assessing harmonic distortion from power quality measurements: definitions and benchmark data , 1999 .

[32]  R. Christiansen Effects of high levels of harmonics from lighting equipment and systems , 1991, Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting.

[33]  P. Singh,et al.  Comparison of CFL and LED lamp - harmonic disturbances, economics (cost and power quality) and maximum possible loading in a power system , 2011, 2011 International Conference & Utility Exhibition on Power and Energy Systems: Issues and Prospects for Asia (ICUE).

[34]  D. Matvoz,et al.  Comparison of LED and CFL lamps and their impact on electric power network , 2012, 2012 IEEE 15th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power.

[35]  S. K Ronnberg,et al.  Harmonic emission before and after changing to LED and CFL — Part I: Laboratory measurements for a domestic customer , 2010, Proceedings of 14th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power - ICHQP 2010.

[36]  B. Acarkan,et al.  Nonlinear Resistance Modeling using MATLAB and Simulink in Estimation of City Street Lighting Harmonic Activity , 2005, EUROCON 2005 - The International Conference on "Computer as a Tool".

[37]  Sarah K. Ronnberg,et al.  Harmonic emission before and after changing to LED and CFL — Part II: Field measurements for a hotel , 2010, Proceedings of 14th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power - ICHQP 2010.

[38]  T. Driscoll,et al.  The lighting revolution: If we were experts before, we're novices now , 2012, 2012 Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference (PCIC).

[39]  Nauman Zaffar,et al.  Assessment of harmonic pollution by LED lamps in power systems , 2014, 2014 Clemson University Power Systems Conference.

[40]  Nathalie Baumier-Duphil ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY ( EMC ) Part 2-2 : Environment – Compatibility levels for low-frequency conducted disturbances and signalling in public low-voltage power supply systems – Basic EMC , 2000 .

[41]  Grzegorz Wiczynski Analysis of Voltage Fluctuations in Power Networks , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.

[42]  Math Bollen,et al.  Understanding Power Quality Problems , 1999 .

[43]  K. Brown,et al.  Interactive simulation of power systems: ETAP applications and techniques , 1990, Conference Record of the 1990 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting.

[44]  W. M. Grady,et al.  Prediction of Power System Harmonics Due to Gaseous Discharge Lighting , 1985 .

[45]  Edmund M-K. Lai,et al.  Power quality indices of Compact Fluorescent Lamps for residential use — A New Zealand study , 2010, TENCON 2010 - 2010 IEEE Region 10 Conference.

[46]  V. Cuk,et al.  Large number of small non-linear power consumers causing power quality problems , 2011, 10th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility.

[47]  U. Grasselli,et al.  Lighting systems: Power consumptions and harmonics monitoring survey , 2011, 2011 International Conference on Clean Electrical Power (ICCEP).

[48]  S. A. Qureshi,et al.  Power quality based comparison of Compact Fluorescent Lamp with fluorescent light , 2009, 2009 Third International Conference on Electrical Engineering.

[49]  P. Devendra,et al.  THE TRANSITION TO LED ILLUMINATION: A CASE STUDY ON ENERGY CONSERVATION , 2008 .