Recent progress of high performance organic thin film field-effect transistors

During the past few decades, thousands of organic semiconductors have been designed and synthesized for organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). However, most of them exhibit non-ideal performance. After carefully reviewing recent OTFTs with high performance, e.g., OTFTs with mobility over 1.0 cm2 V−1s−1, guidelines for device fabrication are highlighted, especially the importance in finding promising compounds and regulating molecular properties for OTFTs, as well as in modifying surfaces of dielectric and electrodes for high-quality devices.

[1]  Tobin J. Marks,et al.  Cyanonaphthalene diimide semiconductors for air-stable, flexible, and optically transparent n-channel field-effect transistors , 2007 .

[2]  Maxim Shkunov,et al.  Liquid-crystalline semiconducting polymers with high charge-carrier mobility , 2006, Nature materials.

[3]  Zhenan Bao,et al.  Organic thin film transistors , 2004 .

[4]  Tobin J Marks,et al.  High-mobility air-stable n-type semiconductors with processing versatility: dicyanoperylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximides). , 2004, Angewandte Chemie.

[5]  J. Brédas,et al.  Characterization of the molecular parameters determining charge transport in anthradithiophene. , 2004, The Journal of chemical physics.

[6]  Janos Veres,et al.  Gate Insulators in Organic Field-Effect Transistors , 2004 .

[7]  D. Y. Yoon,et al.  High-performance organic semiconductors for thin-film transistors based on 2,6-bis(2-thienylvinyl)anthracene , 2008 .

[8]  Yang Yang,et al.  Patterning organic single-crystal transistor arrays , 2006, Nature.

[9]  B. Stevens,et al.  Photoperoxidation of unsaturated organic molecules. XIV. O21.DELTA.g acceptor properties and reactivity , 1974 .

[10]  Zhenan Bao,et al.  Air‐Stable n‐Channel Organic Semiconductors Based on Perylene Diimide Derivatives without Strong Electron Withdrawing Groups , 2007 .

[11]  H. Katz,et al.  Easily Synthesized Naphthalene Tetracarboxylic Diimide Semiconductors with High Electron Mobility in Air , 2008 .

[12]  Wojciech Pisula,et al.  Uniaxial alignment of the columnar super-structure of a hexa (alkyl) hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene on untreated glass by simple solution processing. , 2003, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[13]  P. Dutta,et al.  Vapor phase self-assembly of electrooptic thin films via triple hydrogen bonds. , 2003, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[14]  Michael A. Haase,et al.  Recent Progress in Organic Electronics: Materials, Devices, and Processes , 2004 .

[15]  T. Someya,et al.  A large-area wireless power-transmission sheet using printed organic transistors and plastic MEMS switches. , 2007, Nature materials.

[16]  Hongxiang Li,et al.  Millimeter‐Sized Molecular Monolayer Two‐Dimensional Crystals , 2011, Advanced materials.

[17]  Ping Liu,et al.  Studies of Gold Nanoparticles as Precursors to Printed Conductive Features for Thin-Film Transistors , 2006 .

[18]  Sankar Subramanian,et al.  Chromophore fluorination enhances crystallization and stability of soluble anthradithiophene semiconductors. , 2008, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[19]  M. Haemori,et al.  High‐Mobility C60 Field‐Effect Transistors Fabricated on Molecular‐ Wetting Controlled Substrates , 2006 .

[20]  Y. Kunugi,et al.  2,6-Diphenylbenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dichalcogenophenes: a new class of high-performance semiconductors for organic field-effect transistors. , 2004, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[21]  S. Mannsfeld,et al.  Trialkylsilylethynyl-Functionalized Tetraceno[2,3-b]thiophene and Anthra[2,3-b]thiophene Organic Transistors , 2008 .

[22]  Helmut Sitter,et al.  High performance n-channel organic field-effect transistors and ring oscillators based on C60 fullerene films , 2006 .

[23]  Masakazu Yamagishi,et al.  Patternable Solution‐Crystallized Organic Transistors with High Charge Carrier Mobility , 2011, Advanced materials.

[24]  Junliang Yang,et al.  High mobility vanadyl-phthalocyanine polycrystalline films for organic field-effect transistors , 2007 .

[25]  John E. Anthony,et al.  Improving Organic Thin‐Film Transistor Performance through Solvent‐Vapor Annealing of Solution‐Processable Triethylsilylethynyl Anthradithiophene , 2006 .

[26]  Ullrich Scherf,et al.  Organic semiconductors for solution-processable field-effect transistors (OFETs). , 2008, Angewandte Chemie.

[27]  Liqiang Li,et al.  Dibenzothiophene derivatives as new prototype semiconductors for organic field-effect transistors , 2007 .

[28]  C. Brabec,et al.  Solution‐Processed Organic n‐Type Thin‐Film Transistors , 2003 .

[29]  Zhenan Bao,et al.  Ambipolar Organic Thin Film Transistor-like Behavior of Cationic and Anionic Phthalocyanines Fabricated Using Layer-by-Layer Deposition from Aqueous Solution , 2003 .

[30]  Hongxiang Li,et al.  Micrometer‐ and Nanometer‐Sized Organic Single‐Crystalline Transistors , 2008 .

[31]  A. Bard,et al.  In-Situ Regrowth and Purification by Zone Melting of Organic Single-Crystal Thin Films Yielding Significantly Enhanced Optoelectronic Properties , 2000 .

[32]  Hongxiang Li,et al.  Cruciforms: Assembling Single Crystal Micro- and Nanostructures from One to Three Dimensions and Their Applications in Organic Field-Effect Transistors , 2009 .

[33]  Giovanni Cuda,et al.  Direct mass spectrometry investigation on Pentacene thin film oxidation upon exposure to air , 2009 .

[34]  J. Fréchet,et al.  Organic semiconducting oligomers for use in thin film transistors. , 2007, Chemical reviews.

[35]  Choongik Kim,et al.  Solution-processable low-molecular weight extended arylacetylenes: versatile p-type semiconductors for field-effect transistors and bulk heterojunction solar cells. , 2010, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[36]  Daoben Zhu,et al.  Core-expanded naphthalene diimides fused with 2-(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)malonitrile groups for high-performance, ambient-stable, solution-processed n-channel organic thin film transistors. , 2010, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[37]  Lei Zhang,et al.  All‐Solution‐Processed, High‐Performance n‐Channel Organic Transistors and Circuits: Toward Low‐Cost Ambient Electronics , 2011, Advanced materials.

[38]  Tobin J. Marks,et al.  High-mobility bottom-contact n-channel organic transistors and their use in complementary ring oscillators , 2006 .

[39]  John E Anthony,et al.  Functionalized acenes and heteroacenes for organic electronics. , 2006, Chemical reviews.

[40]  Kazuo Takimiya,et al.  Highly soluble [1]benzothieno[3,2-b]benzothiophene (BTBT) derivatives for high-performance, solution-processed organic field-effect transistors. , 2007, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[41]  Jean-Luc Brédas,et al.  Organic Thin Film Transistors Based on N-Alkyl Perylene Diimides: Charge Transport Kinetics as a Function of Gate Voltage and Temperature , 2004 .

[42]  M. Muccini A bright future for organic field-effect transistors , 2006, Nature materials.

[43]  G. Fortunato,et al.  Aging effects in pentacene thin-film transistors: Analysis of the density of states modification , 2006 .

[44]  Holger Braunschweig,et al.  High-performance air-stable n-channel organic thin film transistors based on halogenated perylene bisimide semiconductors. , 2009, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[45]  Henning Sirringhaus,et al.  A Zone‐Casting Technique for Device Fabrication of Field‐Effect Transistors Based on Discotic Hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene , 2005 .

[46]  Shizuo Tokito,et al.  Significant improvement of electron mobility in organic thin-film transistors based on thiazolothiazole derivative by employing self-assembled monolayer , 2007 .

[47]  Zhenan Bao,et al.  Air Stable n-Channel Organic Semiconductors for Thin Film Transistors Based on Fluorinated Derivatives of Perylene Diimides , 2007 .

[48]  W. Xu,et al.  Development of organic field-effect properties by introducing aryl-acetylene into benzodithiophene , 2010 .

[49]  Pierangelo Metrangolo,et al.  Engineering functional materials by halogen bonding , 2007 .

[50]  Ulrich S Schubert,et al.  Chemical modification of self-assembled silane based monolayers by surface reactions. , 2010, Chemical Society reviews.

[51]  Daoben Zhu,et al.  Interface engineering: an effective approach toward high-performance organic field-effect transistors. , 2009, Accounts of chemical research.

[52]  H. Brisset,et al.  A "kite" shaped styryl end-capped benzo[2,1-b:3,4-b']dithiophene with high electrical performances in organic thin film transistors. , 2008, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[53]  J. Hummelen,et al.  Air‐Stable n‐Channel Organic Transistors Based on a Soluble C84 Fullerene Derivative , 2006 .

[54]  Daoben Zhu,et al.  Micro- and nanocrystals of organic semiconductors. , 2010, Accounts of chemical research.

[55]  A. Dodabalapur,et al.  A soluble and air-stable organic semiconductor with high electron mobility , 2000, Nature.

[56]  Wenping Hu,et al.  Organic single crystal field-effect transistors: advances and perspectives , 2010 .

[57]  W. Xu,et al.  Dibenzo[b,d]thiophene based oligomers with carbon–carbon unsaturated bonds for high performance field-effect transistors , 2010 .

[58]  Shelby Forrester Nelson,et al.  Thin-Film Morphology Control in Naphthalene-Diimide-Based Semiconductors: High Mobility n-Type Semiconductor for Organic Thin-Film Transistors , 2008 .

[59]  Hiroki Mori,et al.  Alkylated Dinaphtho[2,3‐b:2′,3′‐f]Thieno[3,2‐b]Thiophenes (Cn‐DNTTs): Organic Semiconductors for High‐Performance Thin‐Film Transistors , 2011, Advanced materials.

[60]  Marc Fourmigué,et al.  Activation of hydrogen- and halogen-bonding interactions in tetrathiafulvalene-based crystalline molecular conductors. , 2004, Chemical reviews.

[61]  Akihiko Fujiwara,et al.  Fabrication and characterization of C60 thin-film transistors with high field-effect mobility , 2003 .

[62]  Byung-Jun Jung,et al.  Low-Temperature-Processible, Transparent, and Air-Operable n-Channel Fluorinated Phenylethylated Naphthalenetetracarboxylic Diimide Semiconductors Applied to Flexible Transistors , 2009 .

[63]  K. Takimiya,et al.  Molecular Ordering of High‐Performance Soluble Molecular Semiconductors and Re‐evaluation of Their Field‐Effect Transistor Characteristics , 2008 .

[64]  Zhihua Chen,et al.  High electron mobility in vacuum and ambient for PDIF-CN2 single-crystal transistors. , 2009, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[65]  Daoben Zhu,et al.  Effect of dielectric layers on device stability of pentacene-based field-effect transistors. , 2009, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

[66]  K. Takimiya,et al.  Facile synthesis, structure, and properties of benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dichalcogenophenes. , 2005, The Journal of organic chemistry.

[67]  Yoshio Taniguchi,et al.  High mobility n-type thin-film transistors based on N,N′-ditridecyl perylene diimide with thermal treatments , 2006 .

[68]  C. Rovira,et al.  Importance of intermolecular interactions in assessing hopping mobilities in organic field effect transistors: pentacene versus dithiophene-tetrathiafulvalene. , 2004, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[69]  J. Hwang,et al.  Flexible Organic Thin‐Film Transistors with Silk Fibroin as the Gate Dielectric , 2011, Advanced materials.

[70]  Z. Bao,et al.  Synthetic chemistry for ultrapure, processable, and high-mobility organic transistor semiconductors. , 2001, Accounts of chemical research.

[71]  H. Klauk,et al.  Organic Transistors Based on Di(phenylvinyl)anthracene: Performance and Stability , 2007 .

[72]  Kazuo Takimiya,et al.  2,7-Diphenyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b]benzothiophene, a new organic semiconductor for air-stable organic field-effect transistors with mobilities up to 2.0 cm2 V(-1) s(-1). , 2006, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[73]  A. Facchetti,et al.  A high-mobility electron-transporting polymer for printed transistors , 2009, Nature.

[74]  Liqiang Li,et al.  An Ultra Closely π‐Stacked Organic Semiconductor for High Performance Field‐Effect Transistors , 2007 .

[75]  Kazuhiro Saito,et al.  Solution-processed n-type organic thin-film transistors with high field-effect mobility , 2005 .

[76]  Antonio Facchetti,et al.  Semiconductors for organic transistors , 2007 .

[77]  Jung Ah Lim,et al.  Interface engineering in organic transistors , 2007 .

[78]  Anatoliy N Sokolov,et al.  Enforced face-to-face stacking of organic semiconductor building blocks within hydrogen-bonded molecular cocrystals. , 2006, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[79]  Janusz Kowalik,et al.  Pentacene disproportionation during sublimation for field-effect transistors. , 2005, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[80]  A. J. Lovinger,et al.  Synthesis, Morphology, and Field-Effect Mobility of Anthradithiophenes , 1998 .

[81]  K. Müllen,et al.  The Influence of Morphology on High‐Performance Polymer Field‐Effect Transistors , 2009 .

[82]  Daoben Zhu,et al.  Pi-conjugated molecules with fused rings for organic field-effect transistors: design, synthesis and applications. , 2010, Chemical Society reviews.

[83]  Shizuo Tokito,et al.  n-type organic field-effect transistors with very high electron mobility based on thiazole oligomers with trifluoromethylphenyl groups. , 2005, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[84]  Paul F. Baude,et al.  High Performance Organic Thin Film Transistors , 2003 .

[85]  Kock Yee. Law,et al.  Organic photoconductive materials: recent trends and developments , 1993 .

[86]  Hong Meng,et al.  High-performance, stable organic thin-film field-effect transistors based on bis-5'-alkylthiophen-2'-yl-2,6-anthracene semiconductors. , 2005, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[87]  D. D. de Leeuw,et al.  High anisotropy of the field-effect transistor mobility in magnetically aligned discotic liquid-crystalline semiconductors. , 2005, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[88]  Zhenan Bao,et al.  Polarized Electroluminescence from Aligned Chromophores by the Friction Transfer Method , 2000 .

[89]  J. Hulliger,et al.  Fluorine in crystal engineering--"the little atom that could". , 2005, Chemical Society reviews.

[90]  Jianbin Xu,et al.  Soluble and Stable N‐Heteropentacenes with High Field‐Effect Mobility , 2011, Advanced materials.

[91]  Zhenan Bao,et al.  Organic single-crystal field-effect transistors , 2007 .

[92]  Daoben Zhu,et al.  High-Performance, Stable Organic Field-Effect Transistors Based on trans-1,2-(Dithieno[2,3-b:3′,2′-d]thiophene)ethene , 2009 .

[93]  A. Fujiwara,et al.  Air-assisted high-performance field-effect transistor with thin films of picene. , 2008, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[94]  Huaping Zhao,et al.  New type of organic semiconductors for field-effect transistors with carbon-carbon triple bonds , 2009 .

[95]  Yutaka Ito,et al.  Crystalline ultrasmooth self-assembled monolayers of alkylsilanes for organic field-effect transistors. , 2009, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[96]  L. Molenkamp,et al.  In situ electrical characterization of DH4T field-effect transistors , 2004 .

[97]  Choongik Kim,et al.  Low-Dimensional Arylacetylenes for Solution-Processable Organic Field-Effect Transistors , 2009 .

[98]  Oana D. Jurchescu,et al.  Effect of impurities on the mobility of single crystal pentacene , 2004, cond-mat/0404130.

[99]  Kazuo Takimiya,et al.  Facile Synthesis of Highly π-Extended Heteroarenes, Dinaphtho[2,3-b:2‘,3‘-f]chalcogenopheno[3,2-b]chalcogenophenes, and Their Application to Field-Effect Transistors , 2007 .

[100]  Henning Sirringhaus,et al.  Electron and ambipolar transport in organic field-effect transistors. , 2007, Chemical reviews.

[101]  C. Dimitrakopoulos,et al.  Organic Thin Film Transistors for Large Area Electronics , 2002 .

[102]  Hagen Klauk,et al.  Carbon‐Based Field‐Effect Transistors for Nanoelectronics , 2009, Advanced materials.

[103]  F. Gao,et al.  2,6-Bis[2-(4-pentylphenyl)vinyl]anthracene: a stable and high charge mobility organic semiconductor with densely packed crystal structure. , 2006, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[104]  Lin Li,et al.  A Densely and Uniformly Packed Organic Semiconductor Based on Annelated β‐Trithiophenes for High‐Performance Thin Film Transistors , 2009 .

[105]  Fabio Biscarini,et al.  Spatially correlated charge transport in organic thin film transistors. , 2004, Physical review letters.

[106]  Huanli Dong,et al.  High performance organic semiconductors for field-effect transistors. , 2010, Chemical communications.

[107]  Thomas N Jackson,et al.  Organic field-effect transistors from solution-deposited functionalized acenes with mobilities as high as 1 cm2/V x s. , 2005, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[108]  Larry D. Boardman,et al.  High-Performance OTFTs Using Surface-Modified Alumina Dielectrics , 2003 .

[109]  Ananth Dodabalapur,et al.  Organic and polymer transistors for electronics , 2006 .

[110]  A. Mayer,et al.  Thickness Dependence of Mobility in Pentacene Thin‐Film Transistors , 2005 .

[111]  Takehiko Mori,et al.  Stabilization of organic field-effect transistors in hexamethylenetetrathiafulvalene derivatives substituted by bulky alkyl groups , 2009 .

[112]  L. Torsi,et al.  Organic Transistors: Two-Dimensional Transport and Improved Electrical Characteristics , 1995, Science.

[113]  I. Osaka,et al.  High-mobility semiconducting naphthodithiophene copolymers. , 2010, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[114]  J. Ziller,et al.  PHENYL-PERFLUOROPHENYL STACKING INTERACTIONS : TOPOCHEMICAL 2+2 PHOTODIMERIZATION AND PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION OF OLEFINIC COMPOUNDS , 1998 .

[115]  Fred Wudl,et al.  Tetrathiafulvalenes, oligoacenenes, and their buckminsterfullerene derivatives: the brick and mortar of organic electronics. , 2004, Chemical reviews.

[116]  Prashant Sonar,et al.  A High Mobility P‐Type DPP‐Thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene Copolymer for Organic Thin‐Film Transistors , 2010, Advanced materials.

[117]  Jean-Luc Brédas,et al.  Charge transport in organic semiconductors. , 2007, Chemical reviews.

[118]  T. Jackson,et al.  Pentacene organic thin-film transistors-molecular ordering and mobility , 1997, IEEE Electron Device Letters.

[119]  Gilles Horowitz,et al.  High‐Performance Organic Field‐Effect Transistors , 2009 .